2008年11月9日星期日

澳大利亚记者近日拍摄:枪口下的图博(西藏)



这组照片是澳大利亚记者Steve Lewis & Cameron Stewart近日在拉萨所拍摄,题为“枪口下的西藏”。

http://media.theaustralian.com.au/multimedia/2008/11/07-tibet/ss-cn/index.html








































China cracks down in Tibet to avert rioting

The Courier-Mail[Sunday, November 09, 2008 06:14]
By Steve Lewis

CHINA has intensified its military presence in the Tibetan capital of Lhasa amid fears Dalai Lama supporters plan to repeat bloody March rioting.

The Courier-Mail can reveal that increased numbers of soldiers and police are patrolling the streets of the capital.

Military personnel armed with machineguns are conducting routine patrols around Lhasa's historic Barkhor district.

Snipers are also positioned on rooftops and stairwells.

During a four-day visit to the Buddhist kingdom, The Courier-Mail also witnessed monks being bundled into a police van close to Lhasa's historic Jokhang temple.

Pro-Tibet organisations say authorities are routinely jailing monks and nuns.

Bai Ma Cai Wang, Vice-Governor of the Tibet Autonomous Region Government, also confirmed that 55 Tibetans had been sentenced to jail terms ranging from three years to life after the March riots.

The riots flared after monks staged peaceful protests. Up to 200 were killed and more than 1300 Tibetans were arrested during the unrest, which was beamed around the world.

Mr Bai Ma said the Beijing-backed Tibetan Government had "moderately adjusted" the military and police presence in recent days because of "separatist activities".

The revelations come just days after an eighth round of talks between the Dalai Lama's envoy and Beijing ended without progress.

The Chinese authorities fear a militant uprising by Tibetan youth, who they say are seeking independence for their country.

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd is among a host of world leaders who have criticised China's human rights record in Tibet.

But Mr Bai Ma said: "The Tibetan people enjoy full rights in terms of management of their own affairs."

The senior Government figure was speaking on Tuesday during an hour-long meeting with an Australian delegation led by Queensland Liberal backbencher Michael Johnson and including two journalists.

Mr Bai Ma also confirmed Tibet's economy had been seriously damaged by the March uprising. Tourism has been severely cut back, from about 4.5 million visitors in 2007 to just 400,000 this year.

Mr Johnson - who is accused by Labor and Greens MPs of being a pro-Beijing sympathiser - said China should consider allowing the Dalai Lama to visit his homeland, which he fled in 1959.

"As a friend of China, I would say that some kind of reconciliation must take place between Beijing and the Dalai Lama," Mr Johnson told The Courier-Mail.

Lhasa was a place of beauty this week as a snow storm layered the mountains framing the spiritual hub with a thick coat of white powder.

But there were also scenes straight out of a virtual police state.

During the visit, The Courier-Mail saw dozens of snipers and soldiers patrolling the city's narrow laneways and religious squares.

Squads of five or six, with machine and assault rifles draped menacingly, marched slowly along narrow lanes packed with vendors and Buddhist pilgrims.

The Courier-Mail was among the first foreign news outlets allowed into Tibet since the March uprising.

While China has pumped a huge level of investment into Tibet, there is a strong perception of a country divided and fearful of itself.

Few Tibetans speak English but several monks who did said there was a strong desire for the exiled Dalai Lama, who remains in the remote Indian city of Dharamsala, to return to his homeland.

It is hard to extract information. Even the brave are wary of saying too much.

Several monks said China had "bugged" some of the city's key tourist sites, such as the Potala Palace, to eavesdrop on potential troublemakers.

Despite the Dalai Lama denouncing the March violence - which the Chinese claim caused a direct economic loss of $70million - he is seen as a political agitator and foe.

Chinese authorities say he orchestrated the March riots and was also instrumental in helping to disrupt the Olympic Torch Relay as it wound around the globe.

There is no evidence to support this claim, but in the Land of the Snows, the truth is unfathomably hard to pin down.

Despite the building of a modern rail service from China, Lhasa's streets are almost completely devoid of Western faces.

Every Chinese or Tibetan official The Courier-Mail spoke to, in Lhasa and Beijing, spoke derisively of the Dalai Lama.

Mr Bai Ma even claims he remains a distant memory for many Tibetan Buddhists.

"The image of the Dalai Lama as spiritual leader in the Tibet people's minds has already gone away," he said.

It is an extraordinary boast, but one impossible to verify.

In economic terms, Tibet has made solid progress since it emerged from a centuries-old feudal system, during which the poor were forced to pay outrageous taxes to the privileged few.

But the guns and soldiers on the streets of Lhasa shows at what cost.

(http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=23181&article=China+cracks+down+in+Tibet+to+avert+rioting)

China's iron fist cracks down to subdue Tibetan rebelsFont

Cameron Stewart, Associate editor | November 08, 2008

IN the ancient back alleys of Tibet's capital, Lhasa, a grim military operation has played out this week, hidden from the eyes of the world. As night falls, hundreds of Chinese troops fan out across this rebellious city, armed with riot shields and assault rifles.

They set up sentry posts on street corners and dispatch patrols in groups of six soldiers, three with shields and three with guns.

These patrols spend the night walking down the lanes of Lhasa's Tibetan quarter, looking for any signof dissent. They glare at me asthey pass, angry at the presence of a foreigner.

When the sun rises, the soldiers do not melt away, but are replaced by a new rotation of troops. The military stranglehold on Lhasa by day is maintained with one chilling addition -- snipers are installed on rooftops around the city's most holy site, the Jokhang Temple, ready to train their guns on the hundreds of Tibetan pilgrims praying in Barkhor Square below.

Only months after the Beijing Olympics, there is no post-Games euphoria in Tibet.

Hopes of greater autonomy and freedom have been stifled by Beijing, which -- stung by bloody anti-Chinese riots in March and by the indignity of the subsequent Olympic torch relay protests -- has come down on Tibetans with an iron fist.

During four days in Lhasa this week -- the first visit to Tibet by an Australian journalist since the March riots that left up to 200 people dead -- I witnessed a city creaking under the weight of the Chinese military.

In meeting local Chinese government officials, it was apparent that Beijing has lost patience with those Tibetans who oppose its rule and has chosen the path of zero tolerance.

The heavy military presence betrays China's unspoken fear that it is losing, rather than winning, the hearts and minds of local Tibetans, who accuse Beijing of subjugating their culture and religion to preserve national unity.

In an interview with The Weekend Australian, the vice-governor of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Bai Ma Cai Wang, reveals that China has recently boosted its security presence in Lhasa above and beyond the crackdown that followed the March riots. This is China's first public acknowledgment that it has beefed up its security forces in Tibet.

"In order for Tibet's stability and for people's safety and for people's desire for security and order, the Government has moderately adjusted the presence of the police force on the street," he says.

Bai Ma says the Government fears a repeat of the March riots, which he says were the work of the exiled Dalai Lama and his supporters. "After the March 14 riots, the Dalai Lama and his followers have speeded up their separatist activities."

Despite being the spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhist population, the Dalai Lama has been airbrushed from view in Lhasa by the Chinese, who accuse him of being a political activist for an independent Tibet. There are no pictures or portraits of him in public areas, and Tibetans are reluctant to praise him in public, fearing retribution.

"The image of the Dalai Lama in Tibetan people's minds has already gone away," says Bai Ma. But the long lines of Tibetans waiting to pay homage to the tombs of former Dalai Lamas in Lhasa's imposing Potala Palace, and the thousands of passionate Buddhist pilgrims who prostrate themselves each day outside the Jokhang Temple suggest otherwise.

I visited Tibet with News Limited journalist Steve Lewis and federal Liberal MP Michael Johnson, vice-chairman of the Australia-China Parliamentary Friendship group, at the invitation of the Chinese Government, which urged us: "Tell Australians what you have heard and seen about the truth in Tibet."

This gave us access to high-level Communist Party officials, parliamentarians and local governors in Lhasa, but the official program included no meetings with senior Buddhists and no one whose views strayed from the official line.

When I asked for permission to visit Drapchi prison, where at least 202 people involved in the March riots remain incarcerated, I was refused.

It was only when we slipped away from our hotel at night and found some of the few Tibetans who spoke English that we heard alternative views. Even then they were reluctant to talk, fearing they might be seen or overheard by the authorities. One monk told us there were "more and more Chinese, more and more soldiers" in Lhasa in recent weeks.

But no one will speak out, he says, because of fears they will be reported to the police. "Detectives, they listen to what you say ... sometimes (Barkhor) square is full of detectives listening in."

He says Tibetans "feel very bad" about the situation but are powerless to stop it. Another monk claimed that the Chinese had installed listening devices in the main tourist sites where Westerners might interact with Tibetans, and said no one felt safe talking to foreigners about the political situation in Tibet.

On Monday, we witnessed a group of monks being placed in a police van and taken away but attempts to get an explanation were unsuccessful.

The Chinese authorities have gone to extraordinary lengths to monitor local Tibetans, installing CCTV cameras on buildings and deploying plainclothes police as well as the more overt scrutiny of the large numbers of uniformed police and soldiers.

In interviews with local Chinese officials, their frustration with the situation was palpable. They cannot understand why years of economic growth in Tibet have failed to quell Tibetan demands for greater autonomy or independence from China. There is little understanding or acceptance that Tibetans may have different priorities.

In meetings this week, Chinese officials quoted statistics showing vast improvements in the health, housing, wellbeing and life expectancy of the Tibetans. The Chinese Government has poured billions of dollars into Tibet's economy, with state subsidies accounting for 75 per cent of the gross domestic product.

The results can be seen in and around Lhasa, with wide new roads, upmarket fashion stores and whitegoods stores boasting widescreen televisions. There is a thriving middle class of fashionably dressed locals with mobile phones glued to their ears and driving the latest cars.

The problem is that almost all of this middle class in Lhasa are Han Chinese immigrants, rather than local Tibetans who are primarily herdsmen and farmers and lack the literacy skills and education to seize the opportunities created by the Chinese investment. "While a minority of Tibetans have been rewarded with state jobs, the majority of Tibetans, who are poorly equipped to access new economic opportunities, have been marginalised," says Ben Hillman, a Tibet expert from the Australian National University's China Institute.

So the frustration of local Tibetans goes beyond the eroding of their culture and traditions under Chinese rule -- it is also an economic development issue similar to many around the world where an indigenous people are marginalised by more commercially successful immigrants.

There are signs Chinese officials realise their mistake in focusing too heavily on infrastructure rather than on the Tibetans themselves.

"The education program in Tibet is still not satisfactory," says Wang Jinjun, vice-director-general of the State Council Information Office. "The policy now is to better tackle the issue of herdsmen and farmers."

The economic plight of Tibetans has not been helped by the March riots, which all but killed tourism. Shops and cafes are empty and there is barely a foreign tourist to be seen.

Tibetans have only themselves to blame for this, because so many of them supported the riots, in which 1317 people were arrested, says Wang De Wen, of the Tibet People's Congress.

The riots "were organised by Tibet separatists headed by the Dalai Lama and his followers, who are not willing to see the great leap forward in the development of Tibet, so they instigated violent incidents which involved the smashing, the grabbing, the looting and the setting fire to shops," says Wang. "This violent incident has wreaked havoc on the economic situation and the life of the Tibet people and has cost 320 million yuan ($70 million) since March."

The deputy secretary-general of the Tibet People's Congress, Tonga, was reluctant to talk about those who were detained after the riots, but claimed the majority of Tibetans involved now regretted their actions.

"After our re-education program most of them will regret what they have done," Tonga says. When pressed further on what this means he adds: "A relevant government official briefed them on what was right and what was wrong."

Tibetan officials we spoke to denied all claims that the religious freedom of Tibetans was being curtailed. The head of religious affairs of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Kalsang, denied widely reported views in the West that monks were required to denounce the Dalai Lama as part of "patriotic education" programs in monasteries.

He was partly contradicted several days later by Wang Jinjun who conceded that monks in Tibet were being given "legal information programs" in which they were told not to mix religion with politics.

The most striking aspect of the meetings with Chinese officials was the extent of their hostility towards the Dalai Lama who, along with the the self-styled Tibetan government in exile in India, is blamed for fomenting the uprising and for turning the Tibet issue into a cause celebre in the West.

The Chinese dismiss the Dalai Lama's repeated assertion that he seeks only greater autonomy for Tibet, rather than independence.

When I ask whether China's problems in Tibet might be eased by granting greater autonomy while still retaining national control of the region, Wang Jinjun is dismissive, saying it would return Tibet to its feudal origins. "Tibet will not be reduced to a backwater society which features theocratic rule," he says.

The human dimension of this intractable problem can best be seen by taking a walk through Lhasa, where on my last day I saw a group of Tibetan women, with their babies strapped to their backs, talking and laughing under the watchful eye of a rooftop sniper.

(http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24619265-601,00.html)

28 条评论:

  1. 悬钩子病了?咋没来得及翻译就贴出来了?

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  2. 哈哈,这个LyingTIE小朋友,还真可爱得很呢。

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  3. 咋办好呢?

    警察和武警不驻扎吗,有人煽动闹事;驻扎巡逻了吧,有人又跳出来说瞧见了吗!他们端着枪,这就是对藏民镇压的证据……

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  4. 只有老鼠才怕猫。不是老鼠,满街的猫也可相安无事。
    在911以后,美国也在机场和很多公共场所布置了一些 National Guard, 民众除了报怨排长队外,好像没人说那是不必要。有了那些兵,普通民众不是会觉得安全点吗?

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  5. 别在这说什么没兵煽动闹事,有兵就多么安全,那个张庆黎向巴平措不是一个劲地对外胡吹海吹“现在是西藏最好的时候”吗?既然“现在是西藏最好的时候”,还怕什么煽动闹事,还要这么多的兵干嘛?简直是自个儿猛扇自个儿的耳光,用夹米的话来说,那不是自唾其面吗?!!

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  6. 你这个LyingTIE 才是最猥琐的老鼠!浑身散发着阴沟里的气味!还有脸提美国,要知道你的祖国不是美国,而是最专制的中国,你这么热爱你的祖国,你怎么不回你的祖国效劳呢?你这个猥琐老鼠!

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  7. 有理就讲,就事论事,用不着浑水摸鱼。 你如果说中国专制, 我同意,但你是讨论这个话题吗?

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  8. 呵呵,猥琐老鼠有进步,承认自个是从那专制的阴沟里爬出来的了!

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  9. 但愿大部分西藏同胞是像传言一样 -- 善良,耿直,坦率 -- 而不象楼上所表现的无赖和思维浑乱。

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  10. LyingTIE 你太可怜了,完全不明白你自己出生在一个什么样的国家,说不定你还逃离了大陆,思乡过度让你不明是非了吧

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  11. 要求别人善良是为了掩盖自己的残忍。要求别人坦率是为了自己更阴险。因为,善良就可以被人把枪指到藏人的后脑上吗?但愿在民主国家的汉人识大体。明辨是非。

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  12. 314恶性事件之后的今天,不仅应该强化管理,更重要的是依法严厉惩处那些打砸抢烧杀的犯罪分子,绝不能姑息养奸.

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  13. 中国政府在西藏越来越做绝了!西藏今天对藏人来说真的像人间地狱!!!然而长期在这种恐怖的环境中生活着的藏族人,本性善良也难抵心灵和身理双重折磨的苦难!大多数汉族朋友对此不仅没有同情反而落井下石,冷嘲热讽,甚至用恶语相加!这种最起码的人类认同都没有的野蛮而肮脏的行为。我很怀疑汉族人和中国政府对藏族人的中国公民认同?!对我的感觉多数汉族没有把藏族当中国人,而是把藏族人当随便可以屠杀镇压的殖民地人,或被你们掠夺来的会说话的工具!总是汉族人没有把藏族人当人看!!!
    既然这样藏族再怎么善良也有怒吼的时候的!再怎么和平也会有揭竿而起的时候!汉族朋友们,三思呀!恶业一定是恶果,而这个果不仅藏族要吃汉族也逃不了干系!!!

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  14. 楼上说得对!中国政府做的是越来越绝了。任何事都有因也会有果,那时的果怎么可能只有藏人来尝呢?汉人也必须要为自己所做的付出代价,那是脱不了干系的!想压制人,那就得为此付出代价,而代价有时恐怕是根本没有意想到的!

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  15. 楼上说得太过了,目前汉人和藏人存在观点上的严重分歧是事实,汉人的观点也未必对,只不过是在讨论;但指责汉人“不把藏人当人看”、“掠夺藏人”有点太过了,您觉得汉人企图从藏人那里掠夺什么呢?

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  16. 楼上请回答一个简单问题:西藏曾经又7千多寺庙,到文革几乎全部毁光。寺庙里的金银佛像和法器到哪里去了?

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  17. 还金银佛像和法器呢,拜托你查一查今年中国的GDP总量是多少,拜托你看一看中国截止目前外汇储备是多少.中国政府每年财政补贴西藏多少.就寺庙里那点金银,哈哈,简直.....

    你这种人就是典型的小人之心,而且是没有见过世面的小人.不用土鳖这样的词来形容你,就无法再找到合适的词语.

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  18. 呵呵,不懂历史也不必急眼骂人呀。金银佛像和法器在60年代初就毁得差不多了(参阅十世班禅七万言书),到文革凡是值钱的都运北京了,后来被十世班禅找回来一些,相当一部分流入国际文物市场。

    今年的GDP总量跟60年代掠夺人家的财富有什么关系?瞧这逻辑能力!中国政府每年贴补西藏的钱花哪儿去了,这就用不着我来给你补课了吧?

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  19. 十世班禪靈塔上的真金白銀
    也沒少他的
    達賴喇嘛如果能回來
    少不了他的靈塔上也能加這么一大坨,哈哈

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  20. 不管怎么说,历史就是历史,哪怕十世班禅灵塔是黄金铸成的,也改变不了历史事实。

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  21. 楼上,因为种种原因,精神上藏人确实没有得到满足,这是很遗憾的事实;但你总在这里说物质上汉人掠夺藏人,实在是有点过了,物质上中国政府对西藏的付出与从西藏拿走的(如果有的话,无法考证)显然不在同一等级,这种事情还有什么好争的?

    中国政府每年补贴西藏的钱,使得西藏的农牧民免于税收之苦,道路、水电这些基础设施对藏区居民也是基本需求,西藏体制内所有人的薪水开支也不是从天上掉下来的(可能包括你的薪水);虽然还有一部分可能是被大大小小的贪官消耗掉了,但这些贪官也还是西藏的贪官。

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  22. 呵呵,这些贪官固然有西藏的贪官,更有广大的援藏干部!这些源源不断的援藏干部,带来了自己老家的开矿队伍、包工头队伍、妓女队伍等等等等各路人马,七大姑八大姨九大叔,以及这些人的七大姑八大姨九大叔……一个援藏干部的后面就跟着上百人淘金者。援藏干部们尝到了甜头,甚而至于,援藏时间到了,回去了又来二度当援藏干部,二度当毕回去了不能再当援藏干部,因为后面排着长队,干脆就不当援藏干部直接来当包工头了,这是发生在山南地区某县的真实故事。而昌都地区某县更绝,一个包工头因为跟援藏干部是哥们,这援藏干部索性让这个修房子挖路的包工头当了副县长!

    而在西藏最黑最贪的还算不上是援藏干部,而是当地驻军的各级军官!即使一个营级军医,每个月黑吃的钱也数以万计。

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  23. 这些贪污者确实坏,我也恨,但他们贪污的主要还是中央的拨款,是内地人的血汗钱,并不是在掠夺藏人。

    另外,目前体制内职工的数量,藏人比例远大于汉人,不要夸大,内地汉人就算想援藏、想贪污,也得有那体质吧?

    如果西藏独立运动不缓和下来,中国政府哪里有精力对付藏区的腐败?看着吧,西藏已经成为中国最腐败、管理最大的地区了,可是中央政府敢惩治他们吗?不敢,只能是两害相权取其轻了。

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  24. 并不是在掠夺藏人???墨竹工卡县的一个乡——加玛乡,赞普松赞干布诞生地——就有六个来自汉地的矿业公司在开矿,污染水源,致使农民的牲畜死亡,而赔偿仅仅是几箱啤酒,这还不是掠夺藏人吗?西藏自治区每个县都被开矿,这在政府网站上可以看到,而当地百姓获得的赔偿是什么?相当少,以致发生许多纠纷,这还不是掠夺藏人吗?

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  25. 您说的".....赔偿仅仅是几箱啤酒...."的事儿, 是来自于凤凰周刊的一篇报道吧,前后文是这样的,摘录如下:

    注:
    卞洪登是个来自北京的开矿老板.
    普布次仁是藏族开矿老板

    "事实上,矿区附近的百姓往往欢迎矿产资本的到来。

    在异常强调民族团结稳定的西藏,当地宗教及文化中有对自然山水的崇拜传统,矿主很难像在内地一样,只要手续齐备,完全不需考虑当地百姓意愿就直接放炮开山。

    普布次仁的办法是与当地藏民乡亲分享采矿利益。他主动找到夺底乡的知名特困户们,逢过年过节,亲自送去现金、大米、青油和砖茶等物资,上门慰问。此外,当地一所完全小学得到普布的赞助。
    普布次仁由此收获了锦旗和赞誉,并得到该乡辖区一片近60平方公里铁矿的探矿权证。普布次仁的矿场带给乡里的变化甚至令周围的人羡慕:他不但使村子里有更好的道路、电力和通信,而且雇用了当地23台东风卡车帮他运输矿石。

    新来的卞洪登则在他的矿区给藏民赠送整车啤酒、面粉和青菜。很快,卞就被藏民视为好人。知情者透露说,一些没有任何证照的矿也在藏民的支持下开工了。

    但也有一些富裕的藏民对采矿者的贿赂不屑."

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  26. 呵呵,我不需要看凤凰周刊,我去过加玛乡N多趟。用不着你来给我摘选凤凰周刊。而且,你摘选的凤凰周刊上的这个地方也不是加玛乡,而是拉萨夺底乡,呵呵,这个卞老板当然比普布次仁三十六计多多了,我下次会说说他的故事的。

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  27. 哦,摘这个不是给您一个人看的. 如果有空, 不妨多讲讲您了解的一些情况.

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