2012年11月19日星期一

阿沛·晋美先生谈自由亚洲电台藏语媒体之影响力

这虽然是一篇2006年的访谈,但对自由亚洲电台藏语部及其负责人阿沛·晋美先生,提供了基本概括的了解。
訪談阿沛·晋美:自由亞洲电台 —— 藏语媒体之影响力

记者:Phayul(故乡网)Tenzin Choephel
译者:推友 @lotusseedsD
发表时间:2006年11月7日,星期二
原文网址:故乡网站http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=14602&t=1
“多年来我们一直想要派遣一位记者在西藏工作,可是中国政府强烈反对;我们多次尝试派遣境外记者到西藏播报新闻事件,可是从来不曾获得允许。但我们有一些来自中国经常为我们提供新闻资料的人,我们是第一个获得这样的资讯的部门,他们每星期提交报导,我们计划扩大这方面的工作。”
阿沛·晋美先生是位于美国首府华盛顿的
自由亞洲电台藏语部主任。
(图片作者:Lhuboom)

有着热忱且专业的职员和多才能的记者,自由亞洲电台 (RFA) 藏语部毫无争议地,是为海外藏人提供高素质的全球新闻服务的藏语电台。通过电台、卫星和互联网,为世界各地包括西藏境内的藏人提供藏语新闻和多样性的节目。我有机会能够与最近到访加德满都的阿沛·晋美先生访谈,他是RFA藏语部的创办人之一兼主任。下面是访谈内容:

故乡网:您何时加入RFA?

阿沛·晋美:我于1996年6月1日加入RFA。我加入RFA时,当时的藏语部门仅有10名职员,而我自那时起一直到今天都在RFA工作,至今已达10年。我是第一位开始藏语服务的职员。

故乡网:请您简短地介绍自由亞洲電台藏语部好吗?

阿沛·晋美:我们于1996年12月1日正式投入广播服务,今年12月将是完整的十年。我们在首都华盛顿有36位职员,播报三种藏语方言,卫藏方言一日播报六小时,然后是康与安多方言各一小时,每日总共播报三种方言,节目全长服务为8小时。自今年一月以来,我们开始通过亚洲卫星二(Asia SAT 2)做24小时广播;在西藏有卫星接收器的藏人告诉我们,他们可以清晰地收听我们的节目,印度南部也有许多人收听我们的节目。但目前没有视频,仅限音频。

故乡网:您的电台对新闻内容的播出有偏好吗?

阿沛·晋美:有,我们主要为(境内)西藏的听众服务,我们最重要的新闻是关于(境内)西藏的新闻,在开始阶段,我们的广播服务诉求对象就是(境内)西藏,所以我们主要是关于西藏的新闻以及关注流亡藏人社区方面的新闻,中国方面的许多新闻也是我们所关注的,因为它同西藏有直接的关系。除此之外,我们也报道来自印度、尼泊尔和其它亚洲国家的重要新闻,和一些重要的国际新闻如阿富汗战争。在华盛顿以外,我们有许多驻外记者,例如在尼泊尔、印度、瑞士和德国等。

故乡网:RFA藏语部有多少听众?

阿沛·晋美:我们无法确定究竟有多少听众,不过在开播后的头三年我们有来自境内藏地的大量听众,因为那时候收听海外广播没受到中国政府的干扰,而且收听也很清晰。而中国在1999年开始对电台进行信号干扰,自那时起,西藏许多地区就比较难听到我们的广播,特别是在大的城镇,许多人想法通知我们这一情况,我们尝试更换频率并添加新的频率可是干扰持续加大,因此我们流失了很多听众。但是在乡村,许多人仍能收听,我们听说有些人特别到远离城镇的地方以便能收听我们的节目,回家后谈论节目内容。开始的时候,西藏自治区内有许多阻扰,但在康和安多地区许多人仍能收听我们的广播。我们收到来自这两个地区的许多信件,在一些节目里我们接受听众来电,来自安多地区的许多听众经常打进来。

但是这也被中国政府发现了。尽管如此,现今科技越来越发达,我们通过卫星广播,康和安多地区的接收度非常好,因为许多家庭有私人卫星接收器,同时在西藏,互联网使用率也增长得很快,听众可以通过我们的网站收听,但是,中国政府也屏蔽了许多像我们这类服务的网站,给我们带来很大的问题。我们尝试通过代理服务器并以电邮方式,将节目直接给我们的听众。我可以说听众喜欢我们的广播服务,只是无法确定有多少人收听。

故乡网:藏语部提供重要新闻给其他RFA的语言广播服务吗?

阿沛·晋美:是的,我们同其他部门有着良好关系,他们对西藏事务也有兴趣,如果有重大新闻他们都会播报。我们也发布藏语部的独家新闻给其他部门。中文部是最重要的部门,也经常播报大量关于西藏的新闻。

故乡网: RFA是美国政府资助的吗?

阿沛·晋美:对。它是由美国政府资助但是我们不属于政府部门。它属于私人公司,非常幸运地,美国政府不干涉我们的工作,完全不带条件,这非常好。

故乡网:RFA未来是否会像VOA(美国之音)一样扩展电视服务?有这样的计划吗 ?

阿沛·晋美:初时我们有扩展到电视服务的计划,只是目前因为美国政府推出了中东电视新闻频道,所以面临预算限制。为此,现时没有确定的计划。不过我们已计划开展网络电视服务,目前处于筹备阶段,不过我尚不清楚何时才能开播,我们希望在2007年投入服务。

故乡网:您会派任新的职员负责这项工作吗?

阿沛·晋美:我们会尝试动员现有的职员负责网络电视,但是如果需要技术专才,那么到时候我们会聘用新职员。

故乡网:有兴趣加入RFA的年轻人是否有机会呢?

阿沛·晋美:在华盛顿以外我们一直都需要记者,但在华盛顿内目前没有空缺。

故乡网:您有记者在西藏从事秘密报导吗?

阿沛·晋美:因为提供的是广播服务,我们从来不做秘密工作。在西藏我们有合作的人能让我们问些问题。我们有新闻来源,而他们为我们提供发生在西藏社会的信息,一切都是公开进行的,我们不从事秘密报导。多年来我们一直想要派遣一位记者在西藏工作,可是中国政府强烈反对;我们多次尝试派遣境外记者到西藏播报新闻事件,可是从来不曾获得允许。但我们有一些来自中国经常为我们提供新闻资料的人,我们是第一个获得这样的资讯的部门,他们每星期提交报导,我们计划扩大这方面的工作。

故乡网:他们是RFA的正规记者吗?

阿沛·晋美:严格说来他们不是记者;有两种形式,一种是正规报道员而另一种是每周新闻投稿员,他们通常提交每周发生在西藏的事件报导。他们到西藏去并熟悉西藏,直到目前为止都没有问题。一般来说,我们做的任何事情都是彻底公开且毫无秘密的。

故乡网: RFA有些什么新发展吗?

阿沛·晋美:我们正在开发一个能供我们网站使用的统一码藏文字体,它能让拜访我们网站的人,在不须下载任何字体的情况下浏览我们的网站,这一服务很快就会出来。我们的网站是互联网上第一个提供藏语新闻的藏语门户网站,并一直持续着提供这一服务。

故乡网:RFA藏语部自成立以来壮大了多少?

阿沛·晋美:目前RFA大约有300名职员。中文部是第一个投入服务的部门,两个月后藏语部正式开播,我们是RFA里第二大部门。

Interview: Radio Free Asia – a Tibetan Media Force
Phayul[Tuesday, November 07, 2006 10:36]
By Tenzin Choephel
Phayul Correspondent

“We have been trying for many years to appoint a reporter in Tibet but Chinese Government strongly opposed it, we tried many times to send our outside reporters to Tibet to cover events but we never got permission, however, we have some regular contributors from China”.

Jigmey la, the director of Radio Free Asia Tibetan service based in Washington DC US.
(Photo by Lhuboom)
Jigmey la, the director of Radio Free Asia Tibetan service based in Washington DC US. (Photo by Lhuboom)
Radio Free Asia’s (RFA) Tibetan Service with it’s dedicated Tibetan staff and versatile reporters is undisputedly the number one Tibetan radio service of the Tibetan Diaspora providing quality worldwide news. Tibetans news in particular and varieties of programmes to Tibetans all over the world including Tibetans inside Tibet via radio, satellite and the Internet. I had an opportunity to meet and interview one the founding members and director of RFA Tibetan Service Mr. Ngabö Jigme during his recent visit to Kathmandu. Following are the Excerpts of the interview:

Phayul: When did you join RFA?
Jigme La: I joined RFA on 1st June 1996. When I joined RFA, there were only about ten people in RFA, I have been working in RFA since then and now it is ten years, I was the first one who started the Tibetan service.

Phayul: Could you please give me a brief introduction of Radio Free Asia Tibetan Service?
Jigme La: We started our service on 1st December 1996 and this year in December we are completing 10 years. We have 36 staffs in Washington DC, we broadcast our service in three Tibetan language dialects of Uke, the biggest one that is broadcasted 6 hours a day, then Khamke and Amke for one hour respectively and in total it is 8 hours daily service. From January this year, we started broadcasting for 24 hours via Asia SAT 2 satellite; in Tibet people having satellite dish told us that they could listen to our service very clearly and many people in South India are also listening to our programmes. There is no video though and it is audio only.

Phayul: Do you give any preference to contents of the news broadcasted on your radio?
Jigme La: Yes, we broadcast mainly for our audience in Tibet, our most important news are about news of Tibet, when we first started, we started it as a radio service for Tibet, so our news are mainly about Tibet and also news concerning our Tibetan refugees and about many things concerning China also because it is directly related to Tibet. Other than that, we also broadcast important news of India, Nepal and other Asian countries and some important world news like the Afghan war. We have many news reporters outside Washington DC, like in Nepal, India, Switzerland, Germany etc.

Phayul: What is the number of listeners of your radio service?
Jigme La: We cannot say exactly how many people listen to our radio but during our first three years we had lot of listeners in Tibet because during those time there was no restriction on listening to radio in Tibet by China and the radio reception in Tibet was clear; then since about 1999 China started jamming radio signals and then it was difficult to listen to our radio in many parts of Tibet, particularly in big towns, many people informed us, we tried to change frequencies and add frequencies but the obstruction was also becoming bigger and so we were losing many listeners. However, in villages, many people still listen, we heard that some people even go outside their town to listen to our radio and then come back and talk about it. Initially, there was lots of obstruction in TAR but it was ok in Kham and Amdo Region and people listen to our radio. We received many letters from those regions also, we have phone in programmes where many people from Amdo Region call. However, that was also discovered by Chinese. Though, nowadays, technology is developing, we are broadcasting via satellite and it is probably very well received in Kham and Amdo Regions because many households have private satellite dish and nowadays in Tibet Internet usage is growing fast. People can listen via our website also, however, China is also blocking many website like ours and it is giving us a big problem but we are trying to use proxies and send it directly via emails to many people. I could say that people like and listen to our radio but I cannot exactly say how many people listen.

Phayul: Does your Tibetan Service provide important news to other language services of RFA?
Jigme La: Yes, we have very good relationship with other departments, they are also interested in Tibetan affairs, if it were a big news then they would always broadcast it, we also distribute news that are exclusively received by our department. The most important is the Chinese department and they broadcast many news of Tibet also.

Phayul: Is RFA funded by the Government of USA?
Jigme La: Yes, it is funded by the Government of USA but we are not a government department. It is a privately owned company and we are lucky that the US Government does not interfere in our work, there is no condition and it is extremely good.

Phayul: Is there any plan of RFA expanding to television in the future like VOA (Voice of America)?
Jigme La: We first had a plan to expand to TV but in the meantime there was budget restriction by the US Government due to launching of new TV channels in the Middle East. So, at present there is no definite plan but we are planning to start a web TV service. We are currently doing some preparation for that but I am not sure when we can start, we probably hope to launch it in 2007.

Phayul: Will you appoint new staff for that?
Jigme La: We would try to mobilize our current staff for that web TV but if we need technical experts then we might hire them that time.

Phayul: Is there any opportunity for interested young people to join RFA?
Jigme La: We always have requirement of reporters from outside but in Washington DC we don’t have any vacancy at present.

Phayul: Do you have anyone in Tibet reporting secretly?
Jigme La: We never do any secret job since it is a radio service. We have people in Tibet whom we could ask things, we have news sources and they provide information on what happens in the society and there is nothing secret about it and we don’t do any such secret things. We have been trying for many years to appoint a reporter in Tibet but Chinese Government strongly opposed it, we tried many times to send our outside reporters to Tibet to cover events but we never got permission, however, we have some regular contributors from China, we were the first one to have that, they send weekly reports and we are planning to expand that.

Phayul:Are they regular correspondents of RFA?
Jigme La: They are not exactly correspondents; there are two types, one is our regular reporter and the other is our weekly contributors, they usually send weekly reports related to Tibet. They go to Tibet and knows about Tibet very well and until now there was no problem. Generally, whatever we are doing is inside out and there is nothing secret.

Phayul: Is there any new developments in RFA?
Jigme La: We are currently developing a Unicode Tibetan font for our website that anyone could see our website without having to download any font and it would be out very soon. Our website is the first Tibetan language web portal providing Tibetan news on the Internet and we have been continuing that.

Phayul: How much has RFA Tibetan service grown since then?
Jigme La: At present there are about 300 people working for RFA. The Chinese language was the first and two months later our Tibetan service started, we are the second largest department in RFA.

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