艾略特·史伯岭：关于神山的呼吁

这篇文章来自http://www.rangzen.net/2011/07/14/kailash-an-appeal/，对我的《呼吁书：请制止用神山圣湖牟利的“开发”》做了介绍。作者艾略特·史伯岭（ Elliot Sperling），是国际著名藏学家，美国印第安纳大学中亚研究系西藏研究计划的主任。感谢友人WY的翻译。

关于神山的呼吁

文/艾略特·史伯岭（ Elliot Sperling）

当人们在中国尤其是图伯特的佛教圣地发现了旅游价值，事情恶化之快真让人刮目相看。在唯色著名的博客里，她写了两篇文章讲述发生在承德——清朝满人的夏都——的可悲现状。十八世纪的布达拉宫和扎什伦布寺的复制品里，中国的假行僧们正在对中国游客之于佛教特别是藏传佛教的粗俗误解投其所好。的确，这不是在图伯特，但仍然是一个令人压抑的例子，关于一个本来神圣的历史遗迹的商业化。（其中一篇博客的英文翻译可以在High Peaks Pure Earth 网站找到）

在环绕冈仁波齐神山（Kailash）的传统转山路上修公路本已招致批评。现在唯色又发现，这条路即将被扩宽，以使各种大小汽车均可行驶，而这些都是在当地进行的大型旅游开发项目的一部分。看看佛教在承德被糟蹋成什么样子，就能想见，一个新聘用的导游，在告诉游客，绕神山一圈就能发财致富……

唯色已经提到，在2010年西藏旅游有限公司的招股书中，把冈仁波齐神山设作旅游开发地区，正是用来吸引那些追逐市场利润的投资者的诱饵。而出于利益来践踏这处宗教名胜，并不只是对藏人的又一次侮辱，对于将神圣的冈仁波齐看作湿婆（Siva）的居所，而来朝拜和绕行的印度朝圣者来说，也是一记耳光。

王力雄在《天葬》一书中，将图伯特描写为一具无法移动的躯体，正无助地被疯狂捕食的秃鹫撕裂。唯色以此来比喻在这种无耻的为利益而践踏藏传佛教及文化的行为面前，藏人的无助、无力。她呼吁停止为金钱而对冈仁波齐（及玛旁雍错）的开发。在国际上，这引起了一些注意，但面对这种开发将造成的对环境与文化的灾难，迫切需要更多的关注。


Kailash: An Appeal

By Elliot Sperling

Thursday, Jul 14, 2011No Comment

Sometimes one wants to rub one’s eyes in disbelief at how degrading things seem to become when someone in China discovers tourism value in particular Tibetan Buddhist sites. On her indispensable blog Woeser has written two posts about the sad state of affairs at Chengde, the Manchu summer capital, where the 18th-century replicas of Tashilhunpo and the Potala now host Chinese pseudo-monks who cater to (mostly Chinese) tourists’ vulgar misconceptions about Buddhism in general and Tibetan Buddhism in particular. Agreed, the site is not in Tibet. But it is nevertheless a depressing example of the commodification of what would otherwise be considered a sacred historical site (one of the blog posts is available in English over at High Peaks, Pure Earth).

Now comes word, again thanks to Woeser, that the already lamentable roadway being constructed right by the traditional circumambulation route around Mt. Kailash will be widened to allow for use by motor vehicles of all sizes, all as part of a major tourist development of the area. Just thinking about the representation of Buddhism at Chengde, one can imagine the newly hired guides at Kailash explaining that a ride around the sacred mountain is believed by Buddhists to bring one wealth and riches…

The private stock offer plan for 2010 of the Tibet Tourism Company Ltd., which specifically uses the development of the Kailash region for tourism purposes as bait for investors seeking market profits has been posted by Woeser. But the degradation of this religious site for the benefit of Chinese investors is not simply another insult for Tibetans to bear; it is a slap too at Indian pilgrims who also venerate Kailash as the abode of Śiva and visit and circumambulate it.

Woeser draws on Wang Lixiong’s description in Tianzang of Tibet as an immobile body, helplessly picked apart by birds of prey, to represent Tibetan impotence in the face of the blatant milking of Tibetan religious culture for financial gain. Her appeal for a halt to the development of the Kailash region (and the region of Tso Mapham) for monetary profit has received some notice abroad, but in view of the environmental and cultural debacle foreshadowed by these development plans, more concern is urgently needed.

延伸阅读：

呼吁书：请制止用神山圣湖牟利的“开发” http://woeser.middle-way.net/2011/07/blog-post_2345.html