2011年10月26日星期三

流亡藏人艺术家的“西藏之土”


居住美国的藏人艺术家、诗人丹增热珠(Tenzin Rigdol),从被严密封锁的西藏境内想方设法运出20吨泥土,于今天(10月26日)在流亡藏人中心—印度达兰萨拉—举办“我们的家乡、我们的民族”场域特定艺术展。


在西藏儿童村体育广场,“西藏之土”被垒建为一平台,周遭用红色布条包围,以示西藏被红色中共统治,并在“西藏之土”上供奉尊者达赖喇嘛法像、竖立雪山狮子旗。




举办这一展览之前,艺术家丹增热珠朝觐了尊者达赖喇嘛并敬献“西藏之土”,尊者当场在“西藏之土”上用手指书写藏文的“西藏”。

【His Holiness writes "བོད་" in Rigdol's soil from Tibet
‎"His Holiness took one look at the soil, and then proceeded to write the Tibetan word for "Tibet" in the soil," said Rigdol. "It was incredibly uplifting to see His Holiness carve the most simple and powerful message on the soil, unequivocally claiming it as Tibet, his and our beloved homeland."】



据“西藏之声”报道,丹增热珠在展览上如是陈述:“克服一切困难举办这一场域特定艺术展,主要为了让年迈的流亡藏人再次看到家乡的土地,让年轻藏人能够亲身体会家乡土地的乡情,并以此祈愿境内外藏人早日团聚在雪域西藏。”



展览吸引了众多在流亡中思念故土的藏人。他们含着热泪向“西藏之土”敬献哈达、跪拜顶礼。


印度媒体IndiaRealtime报道了这位29岁的藏人艺术家的惊人行为:《In India, Tibetans Set Foot on a Smuggled Piece of Home》http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2011/10/26/in-india-tibetans-set-foot-on-a-smuggled-piece-of-home/?mod=wsj_share_facebook

华盛顿邮报也予以报道:《Art installation in Dharmsala, India, uses soil from Tibet, evoking nostalgia from exiles》http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/art-installation-in-dharmsala-india-uses-soil-from-tibet-evoking-nostalgia-from-exiles/2011/10/26/gIQA7zDLIM_story.html


而在2010年9月,丹增热珠参加了众多藏人艺术家在北京举办的《烈日西藏——西藏当代艺术展》 http://woeser.middle-way.net/2010/09/blog-post_18.html。


艺术家简介:丹增热珠,Tenzing Rigdol,1999年起,就学于印度的西藏唐卡艺术学校、加德满都的寺院等,2005年在美国科罗拉多大学学习绘画和艺术史,现生活和工作于纽约。

About the artist: Tenzing Rigdol is a Tibetan contemporary artist whose artwork ranges from painting, sculpture, drawing, collage, digital, to video installation, site-specific and performance art. He has extensively exhibited his artworks throughout the United States in various museums, and also in London, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Israel, Madrid and Mumbai. Rigdol’s artwork is held in museums and collections worldwide and is represented by Rossi & Rossi gallery in London. Additionally, he is also a poet. His poetry books titled “R”—the Frozen Ink (2008), Anatomy of Nights (2011), Butterfly’s Wings (2011) were published by Tibet Writes. He lives in New York.


(以上图片,除了最后一张是我拍摄于“烈日西藏”画展上,其余来自西藏之声、IndiaRealtime、Washingtonpost、Phayul、Facebook。)

境内藏人冒死传出的阿坝自焚僧侣视频



2011年9月26日中午,藏地安多(今四川省阿坝州)阿坝县格尔登寺18岁僧人洛桑贡确(Lobsang Konchok)和18岁僧人洛桑格桑(Lobsang Kalsang),在阿坝县城高呼“达赖喇嘛万岁” 、“我们要宗教信仰自由”点火自焚。据悉,洛桑贡确伤势严重,又有目击者透露,很有可能已经身亡。两位自焚僧人后被送往阿坝州医院,之后下落不明、生死不明。

洛桑贡确自焚时,有藏人冒死拍下现场片断。此视频最近由境内藏人提供给美联社,并由美联社于10月23日公诸于世。

这仅有32秒钟的视频显示,自焚僧人洛桑贡确倒卧在地,双脚和脚踝部分呈黑色并冒着烟,而他身体周围布满灭火器喷发的白色粉末,不远处则有许多全副武装的军警。

画面中,有警车鸣笛。有藏人妇女用藏语哭泣着连声惊呼“嘉瓦丹增嘉措”(法王达赖喇嘛)、“恩重如山的法王”。

最后,有军人出现,用汉语呵斥“你在干嘛?不准照相!”。

延伸阅读:

供灯敬献图伯特的绛红众护法 http://woeser.middle-way.net/2011/09/blog-post_28.html

悲悼!——境内藏人传出的阿坝自焚僧侣照片 http://woeser.middle-way.net/2011/10/blog-post_23.html


图伯特在燃烧

今晚刚上网,又看到一位藏人僧侣自焚消息——藏东康区(今四川省甘孜州)甘孜县甘孜寺38岁僧人达瓦次仁(见图),于今天(10月25日)中午在寺院举办“羌姆”法会时点火自焚,并在火焰中高呼“允许达赖喇嘛尊者返回西藏、西藏没有人权”。他被僧众与信众扑灭火焰并送医院抢救,后又送回寺院,据悉伤势严重。目前甘孜县、甘孜寺被军警严密管控。达瓦次仁是2009年以来境内藏地自焚的第11位藏人。

图伯特在燃烧

文/唯色

2009年2月27日,安多阿坝格尔登寺24岁僧人扎白自焚,可能是境内藏人第一次以自焚的方式表明心志。我在《以身殉教、以身献祭的扎白》一文中写过:“他高举有雪山狮子旗和嘉瓦仁波切的照片,他点燃被油浸透的袈裟,他裹着火焰走上街头,为的是抗议笼罩藏地的黑暗。”

两年后,即2011年3月16日,安多阿坝格尔登寺20岁僧人平措自焚。依据当地藏人的讲述,我在文章中记录了当时场景:“他独自一人,离开被军警严密监视的寺院,走到被下午的阳光照耀的街头,突然变成了一团燃烧的火焰。从火焰中传出他的声音:‘让嘉瓦仁波切回来!’、‘西藏需要自由!’。人们都万分震惊地看见,满大街全副武装的特警、武警、警察、便衣,立即围拢过来,用手中的棍棒狠狠地毒打着平措,这是在灭火,还是在打他?”

而几个月后,到昨天即2011年10月17日为止,接连发生了八起自焚事件。除了29岁的次旺诺布是康区道孚灵雀寺僧人,18岁的洛桑格桑、18岁的洛桑贡确、17岁的格桑旺久是格尔登寺僧人,19岁的曲培、18岁的卡央、19岁的诺布占堆也曾是格尔登寺僧人,因不堪寺院被压迫的气氛而不得不还俗。尤其令人哀恸的是,昨天自焚的是20岁的丹增旺姆,她是阿坝玛米尼姑寺的阿尼。

自焚意味着什么?自焚等同于自杀吗?这么多藏人僧俗的自焚,难道是如那位出卖灵魂的所谓“活佛”、四川省佛教协会副会长甲登所言“自杀是非常重的杀戒,任何理由的自残行为都有悖人性,连续的僧人自焚事件引起了社会各界的不解和反感”吗?

至今全世界都记得四十八年前,越南的一位佛教僧侣在西贡闹市自焚。人们推崇他是伟大的殉教者,并在广场上为他塑造铜像,再现自焚的悲壮一幕。而这位67岁高僧释广德(Thich Quang Duc)自焚前留下遗言:“在我闭上双眼去见佛祖之前,我恳求总统…能以一颗同情心去对待人民,并履行许下的宗教平等诺言…我已经呼吁各宗教人士及广大佛教徒,在必要时为保护佛教而牺牲。”而这也正是十位僧尼俗藏人在自焚时发出的心声!

当时继释广德自焚之后,几个月内又有六位僧尼在越南街头自焚。一位越南高僧准确地解释并评价了殉教者的行为:“新闻界称这是自杀,但是本质上这并不是自杀…这些僧人在自焚前留下的信件中说明了他们的目的只是为了警醒,为了打动压迫者的心,并唤起全世界对被迫害的越南人民的关注。自焚是为了证明他们所说的事情极其重要……这名自焚的越南僧人用他全部的力量和决心表明他愿意承受最大痛苦来保护他的人民……通过自焚来表达意愿不能被视为破坏,相反它是一种建设,即为人民而受苦并身死。这并不是自我了断。”

事实上,毫无人性的是专制者、是恶政府,是他们点燃了修行僧侣与寻常百姓身上的熊熊火焰!正如刚去过藏区的藏学家卡提亚-毕菲特里耶女士(Katia Buffetrille)所说:“在格尔登寺,僧人们已经深深地绝望了。因为,那里的形势在不断恶化。当局唯一的应对办法就是镇压……但这些镇压手段只能激化紧张关系。我的确听到,当地有传单说,倘若形势没有好转,还有很多其他僧人准备牺牲生命。”

2011/10/18,北京

(本文为RFA藏语节目,转载请注明。)

延伸阅读:

以身殉教、以身献祭的扎白 http://woeser.middle-way.net/2009/03/blog-post_09.html

铭记以身献祭的年轻僧人平措 http://woeser.middle-way.net/2011/04/blog-post_2150.html

2011年10月23日星期日

悲悼!——境内藏人传出的阿坝自焚僧侣照片






【转自2011年10月22日的Facebook。】

記住他(她)們,不僅僅是慘烈的畫面,更應該記住的是他們的遺願,並讓意願成為現實,這是最好的懷念。

薪火相傳,永不屈服。西藏人,他(她)們用生命賦予了你這樣的責任。

2011年10月22日星期六

拉萨?拉萨!


图为色拉寺壁画上的尊者达赖喇嘛画像被工作组要求添加上胡子,企图使信徒和游客认不出达赖喇嘛,但这位拉萨老妇人知道壁画上的达赖喇嘛,即便身边有警察在监视,她仍然深深地敬拜着……(唯色拍摄于2010年3月30日。)


拉萨?拉萨!

文/唯色

中国改革开放时代,拉萨是藏人精英普遍向往的地方。我见过多个毕业后可以留在北京、上海等大城市的年轻藏人,宁愿到当时远离繁华的拉萨工作、生活。我于1990年春天从康地返回出生之地拉萨,在西藏文联的同事中就有来自安多的藏人。

那时的拉萨如磁铁般吸引各地藏人。安多和康区的商人纷纷到拉萨经营,僧侣们也来拉萨朝圣并依照传统在三大寺学习。拉萨依然如过去被各地藏人视为中心,在拉萨买房子定居,想法转成拉萨户口。虽然那时的拉萨也有各种问题,而且连续三年爆发过遭到镇压的抗议,但比起现在,还是有更多的空间和可能,相对自由和宽松。

现在不同了。康区的一对父母来看望嫁给拉萨人的女儿,离开时深为女儿悲伤,因为女儿生活在一个枪口下的城市。街上士兵横行,佛法僧遭受亵渎,拉萨从圣城变成了只允许人们醉生梦死和堕落的污浊、暴戾之地。

(2011年10月9日拍摄于拉萨。摄影者:唯色)

拉萨之外的僧侣到拉萨须得持有证件、证明,否则根本过不了路上的各个关卡。各地仁波切们也避开拉萨,转往去汉地。拉萨本地僧侣则小心翼翼,上街尽量穿便衣,在以大昭寺为中心的老城,经常可以看见持枪特警任意拦住穿袈裟的僧人或穿藏装的青年,盘查并登记。住在拉萨的仁波切们则尽量不出门,如同闭关。即使是藏人之间也相互提防,连亲戚都不敢坦言,惧怕哪个可能是警察眼线或出卖者。外国人前所未有地减少,旅游者受到诸多限制,大多数国外基金会和NGO都被赶走。

藏人企业家们或是收缩生意,或是转到外省藏区或中国城市发展,即使他们不适应汉地的气候、语言和生活,但至少在那里可以少一些恐惧。自从2008年之后,多名藏人成功人士被判刑入狱,藏地的商人和企业家普遍心怀恐惧。没人知道明天会怎么样,几十年打拼积累的财富,说不定会在莫须有的罪名下一夜之间消失。一位企业家用佛教的无常来思考,形容说:人就像蚂蚁那样一点点搬运、积攒,好不容易攒起来的财富,狗熊的一巴掌就会毁掉所有;不要说自己这点财富,我们民族以往几百年、几千年积攒下来的财富,共产党一来不也全都化为乌有了!

拉萨对藏人的向心力似乎在减弱,因为在方方面面遇到的困难都超过其他地方。比如办护照之难,对于大多数藏人简直成了梦想。甚至连去神山冈仁波齐朝圣,办边境通行证也不容易。拉萨虽然建了不少小区,盖了不少房子,但空置也很多。以前安多和康的藏人到拉萨买房,现在是拉萨等卫藏各地的藏人去成都买房。据说有二十万藏人在成都买了房子,而那些人有一部分原本可能是拉萨房地产的买主,现在却拒绝生活在恐惧的阴影下。

当然,其他省区也镇压藏人,但还是比拉萨要宽松。从一件小事即可以看出,七月底至八月初我从青海藏地到四川藏地,一路看到在寺院或百姓家公开供奉尊者达赖喇嘛的法像。当地政府从原来的严厉禁止已经变成睁一眼闭一眼,因为既缺乏阻止的能力,也怕激起更大的反抗。而这种妥协在拉萨却看不到,一些寺院的壁画上原本绘有尊者达赖喇嘛的形象,竟被工作组要求画上胡子,目的是为了不让信徒和游客认出达赖喇嘛。

2011-10-13,拉萨

(本文为自由亚洲电台特约评论 。并由自由亚洲藏语专题节目广播。)

2011年10月21日星期五

This is not suicide,this is sacrifice...

军车上的红色标语是“向阿坝人民致敬”。


This is not suicide,
this is sacrifice in order to draw the world's attention.


——这句话是我在10月18日接受CNN采访时说的http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/18/world/asia/china-nun-fire/。


2009年2月27日,在西藏安多阿坝(今四川省阿坝州阿坝县),格尔登寺20岁僧人扎白走上街头,点火自焚。这可能是境内藏人第一次以自焚的方式来表明心志。

火焰中,扎白高举一张照片,那照片上有雪山狮子旗,还有尊者达赖喇嘛。但,枪声响了!他被军警枪击致残,至今不知下落。

不忍卒看的照片!惨不忍睹的照片!但为了见证,为了记忆,必须把这张 照片公诸于世:次旺诺布:西藏康区道孚(今四川省甘孜州道孚县)灵雀寺僧人,29岁,于2011年8月15日自焚牺牲。

这张必须为图伯特永远珍存的照片,记录了图伯特僧侣在街头自焚牺牲的真实情形!向这位以身献祭的图伯特僧侣顶礼!

——他是20岁的扎白,也是20岁的平措,也是29岁的次旺诺布、18岁的洛桑格桑、18岁的洛桑贡确、17岁的格桑旺久、19岁的曲培、18岁的卡央、19岁的诺布占堆。
——也是她,20岁的阿尼丹增旺姆!


不忍卒看的照片!惨不忍睹的照片!但为了见证,为了记忆,必须把这张 照片公诸于世:2001年10月17日,西藏安多阿坝(今四川省阿坝州阿坝县),20岁尼众丹增旺姆,在县城附近点火自焚牺牲。自焚时呼喊“让达赖喇嘛回到西藏”、“西藏自由”。

Chalk Tibet & WHAT MUST I DO? (Jamyang Norbu)



图片来自Chalk Tibet: http://www.chalktibet.org/page/3/

This is not suicide,
this is sacrifice in order to draw the world's attention.



时间:2011年10月15日
地点:Switzerland瑞士,Geneva日内瓦。



时间:2011年10月19日
地点:Austria奥地利,Vienna维也纳。



时间:2011年10月19日
地点:India印度,Dharamsala达兰萨拉。




时间:2011年10月19日
地点:Germany德国,Bavaria巴伐利亚。



时间:2011年10月19日
地点:USA美国,Madison麦迪逊。



时间:2011年10月19日
地点:France法国,Paris巴黎。



时间:2011年10月20日
地点:India印度,Chandigarh



时间:2011年10月20日
地点:Germany德国,Hallbergmoos



WHAT MUST I DO?

Phayul[Thursday, October 20, 2011 00:35]

By Jamyang Norbu

In 1946 when the Muslim League declared “Direct Action Day” and some of the most horrendous and large scale Hindu-Muslim violence erupted throughout India, one of the worst hit areas was the Noakhali district of Bengal. Mahatma Gandhi walked barefoot through village after village in this district, in an angry and hostile atmosphere, trying to persuade people to take a pledge not to kill others. Some strewed thorns and filth in his path and one man even physically attacked him. Gandhi was then 77, but undaunted kept on with his march for peace. Even in this darkest and seemingly most hopeless moment of his life, he was single-mindedly action-oriented. He was heard constantly murmuring to himself.

“Kya karoon? Kya karoon?” “What must I do? What must I do?” A biographer noted: “At that moment, he was magnificent.”

Tibetans all over the world are asking that question in the wake of the “fire protests” of the eight young monks and, today, of the nun, Tenzing Wangmo (age 20) in Ngaba. Demonstrations, stand-ins, vigils, marches, hunger-strikes, petitions and signature drives have been organized in Minnesota, New York, Dharamshala, Taiwan, London, New Delhi, Geneva, Paris, and other cities.

In Tibet itself the acts of self-immolation have not taken place in isolation and protests have been reported in the surrounding region and the calls for wider protests are growing. Four days ago two Tibetans were shot by Chinese troops during a protest outside a police station in another part of Sichuan province. Woser la has been blogging incessantly and so have other Tibetan writers and bloggers in Tibet and China, Check out High Peaks Pure Earth for an English translation of a poem “Mourning” by the blogger Sengdor which appeared on October 11th.

But little notice has been paid by the world to the “fire-protests” in Tibet, there has only been some passing references on CNN, and a couple of brief reports in the BBC. Of course the world media has never been noticeably outspoken or brave when it comes to reporting on Tibet and China, but that is a given. I think that something else is using up all the available media oxygen at the moment. The “Occupy Wall Street” protests have spread to over sixty cities worldwide and show every sign of getting bigger and noisier by the week. I am completely supportive of this protest, and since the issue is one that affects everyone (whether you support the protestors or not) it is going to dominate the headlines for weeks to come. That’s why in my previous posting I suggested that our biggest demonstration of support to the people in Tibet should be five months from now on 10th March 2012. But I absolutely support the demands of feistier spirits that we have to do something right now

So what can we do?

A Tibet activist in Switzerland has come up with a brilliant idea. The beauty of the scheme is it’s unbelievable simplicity:

• It needs no more than two people to execute.
• It takes little time, about ten to twenty minutes at the most.
• It is completely legal and not unsafe in any way.
• It requires no resources other than a piece of chalk and a digital (cellphone) camera.
• Each action, like an individual brick in a building, has a definite and structurally important place in the overall success of the project.

And that’s it. I am not kidding.

Go to http://www.chalktibet.org/ If you go to the site and click on the “How does it work…? Tab” you’ll get the instructions. This action can be done on the fringes of an organized demonstration, at periodic moments during a march, or at any opportune time and place (preferably a place with a lot of foot traffic, where people will gather and look on). This action began in Switzerland and is now being taken global. Join in! And pass on the web address to all your friends, support groups or other interested parties!

Here are the instructions (from the site):

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How does it work…?
The recent self-immolation protests that took place in occupied Tibet call us to action! We can’t remain silent, yet what can we do to effectively generate broad awareness of the tragic situation in Tibet that is driving Tibetans to such desperate measures? Well, here is one simple, yet thought-provoking action that can be undertaken very easily, at no cost and with little time:
Using a simple piece of chalk, let’s outline the Tibetan dead in our streets.
The objective of this action is to generate the buzz which will cause it to go viral, along the lines of guerrilla marketing. This means that your particular action in this campaign needs to be shared among your friends and, via a dedicated website, among larger online communities.
How to proceed
This powerful action requires very little: two persons, one piece of chalk and a camera. Here’s how to do it:
1. Choose a busy spot or a place with symbolic significance in your own town or city.
2. One person lies flat on the ground, as if he or she were a dead body (this should draw much attention by itself).
3. The other person draws a chalk outline of the body.
4. Tape a piece of paper with a message inside the chalk outline or write the message directly on the ground with chalk. A typical message might read “Once again this morning [or yesterday, or last week] a Tibetan committed self-immolation in Tibet in protest against China’s brutal occupation”.
5. Take a photo of the scene.
Post the photo here and on your favorite social networks, requesting your friends to do the same in their own towns and cities.

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A few suggestions of mine (JN) for color, identification and variety. Just one idea per photo. Keep it simple. Think up some new ones.

Stick a small paper Tibetan flag inside the outline. Maybe at the head?
Put the (framed) photographs of the the nine in the outline.
Place some flowers, wreaths and khatags inside the chalk lines
Spread some ash or make scorch marks within the outline.
Have a monk meditating within the chalkline.

Try for a little background in the shot: bystanders and something to suggest the place. But don’t sweat it. The outline comes first.

I believe these and other actions and projects will draw the attention of people the world over to the sacrifice of the young nun and monks and their demands for freedom and the return of the Dalai Lama to Tibet. I believe that all the many marches, protests and future demonstrations will contribute to igniting a rangzen revolution throughout Tibet. I believe that in the not too distant future the Chinese Empire will “wither away” as all evil empires have invariably done so, and I believe I will have an opportunity to make a small contribution to the creation of an independent democratic Tibet.

Gandhi told me so. “Men often become what they believe themselves to be. If I believe I cannot do something, it makes me incapable of doing it. But when I believe I can, then I acquire the ability to do it even if I didn’t have it in the beginning.” Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.

The views expressed in this piece are that of the author and the publication of the piece on this website does not necessarily reflect their endorsement by the website.