卫报：提供援助的僧侣被告知离开地震灾区

Aid-giving monks told to leave China earthquake zone

作者：Tania Branigan
发表时间：2010年4月22日
译者：David Peng
来源：http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/apr/22/china-earthquake-monks-must-leave

Authorities tell Buddhist lamas in Yushu county to cease rescue and relief efforts and return to monasteries当局告诉在玉树县的藏传佛教喇嘛停止救援和救济工作，回到寺庙

·Tania Branigan在北京和一些机构
·星期四2010年4月22日英国夏令时15.33

Tibetan monks hand out bottled water from a relief truck in Jiegu following the recent earthquake.
结古地震后，藏族僧人们从一个救援卡车分发瓶装水
Photograph: STR/AFP/Getty Images图片来源：STR/法新社/ Getty图像


Chinese officials have ordered some monasteries to recall monks from the western town devastated by an earthquake last week.
中国官员已经下令一些寺院从玉树召回僧侣们，这座西部小城在上周的地震中遭受灭顶之灾。


Buddhist lamas have played a crucial role in rescue and relief operations in Jiegu, an overwhelmingly Tibetan town in Qinghai province. Thousands have dug for survivors in the rubble, disposed of bodies and arranged food and shelter for the homeless.
结古是青海省一个藏人占绝大多数的小城，藏传佛教的喇嘛们在救援工作中起到了关键作用。数千僧人们在废墟中挖掘幸存者，处理尸体，为无家可归者安排食物和住所。


More than 2,180 people died in the 14 April earthquake and 12,000 were injured.
4月14日的地震中有超过2,180人遇难，12，000人受伤。


Yixi Luoren, the head of Gengqing monastery, said 120 of the 150 monks who went to Yushu county had left on the orders of officials in the monastery's home prefecture of Ganzi, an area known for its strong Tibetan identity.
更庆寺堪布（译注1）益西洛仁说，他收到甘孜州官员（译注2）的命令，150名去玉树参与救援的僧人中120名已返回。甘孜自治州以其强大的藏族身份认同而著称。


"The authorities didn't tell us the reason but we assume they might have worried that there are too many people there and wanted us to come home safely," he said.
“当局并没有告诉我们原因；我们估计，他们可能担心，那儿的人太多，希望我们平平安安回家来，”他说。


Woeser, a Beijing-based Tibetan poet and activist, said Han and Tibetan acquaintances reported similar orders being given to other monks.A clear reason for the order wasn't given but it was very strict," he said.
唯色，住在北京的一名藏族诗人和社会活动家说，她的藏汉朋友告诉她，其他僧人也收到了类似命令。“该命令没有给予明确的理由，但它是非常严厉的。”她说。


"Local officials told them through translators in Tibetan: 'You've done everything already. You've done too much. You have to leave Yushu now, otherwise there will be trouble.'"
“地方官员通过藏族翻译告诉他们：‘你们已经做了一切。你们做得太多。你们现在要离开玉树，否则会有麻烦。’”


Other lamas were still at work, said a monk from the Sershul monastery in Sichuan, which sent hundreds to help.
一名四川色须寺（译注3）的僧人说，其他喇嘛们仍然在工作，该寺派出了数百名僧人。


"Some of the monks have returned because the rescue work is reaching an end but others are still in the quake zone delivering food," said the monk.
“有些僧人已经回去了，因为救援工作已经接近结束；但其他人仍然在灾区运送食品。”该名僧人说。


He said they had not received orders to leave. Those who did were holding rites for the dead at the monastery and arranging further aid.
他说，他们没有接到命令离开。他们在寺院为死难者举行超度仪式，安排进一步的救援。


A spokesman for the ministry of civil affairs told a press conference in Beijing that he was not aware of an order for monks to leave.
民政部的新闻发言人在北京记者招待会上说，他不知道有要求僧人离开的命令。【5】


"After the disaster happened the central government brought in a large number of rescuers while lots of monks also participated, which can be seen in many media reports," said Peng Chenmin.
“灾害发生后，中央政府派出了大量的营救人员，而很多僧侣也参与其中，这些在很多媒体报道中都可以看到。”庞陈敏说。


"It's a good thing, which represents the spirit of ethnic unity."
“这是一件好事，它代表了民族团结的精神。”


Professor Robert Barnett, director of the modern Tibetan studies program at Columbia University, said: " China has never faced this situation before, where the monks it has demonised for 15 years as potential enemies of the state turn out to be energetic contributors to social construction and community building, the same role that the party has always claimed for itself.
哥伦比亚大学现代藏族研究项目主任，罗伯特·巴尼特教授(Robert Barnett)说：“中国以前从来没有遇到过这种情况，15年来，僧人们被妖魔化，说他们是国家的潜在敌人，如今他们为社会和社区建设做出了突出的贡献；党始终说，党扮演着这样的角色。”

"There is an opportunity here for the state finally to recognise the immense cultural resources that the monks can offer.
“现在出现了一个机会，国家终于可以认识到，僧侣群体能够提供巨大的文化资源。”


"But it will take great cultural sensitivity and compromise on both sides for that to be achieved."
“但这需要高度理解其中的文化敏感性；为实现这一目标，双方都要做出妥协。”


State media have focused on the efforts of the military and the armed police in tackling the disaster, leading Tibetans to complain that monks have not received sufficient credit.
国家媒体集中报道军队和武警部队的救援努力，藏族僧人们抱怨他们没有得到足够的荣誉。


CCTV, the official broadcaster, is thought to have shown lengthy footage of monks at work on the day of the disaster, but little since then. Wen Jiabao, the Chinese premier, praised the work of lamas as he toured a destroyed monastery, although Reuters reported that state media did not cover the visit.
官方中央电视台，被认为在灾难当天给参与救援工作的僧人们长时间的新闻镜头，但此后就很少。在看望一座受灾寺庙时，中国的温家宝总理赞扬了喇嘛的工作，路透社报道了此次视察，但官方媒体并没有报道。(译注4）


The state news agency Xinhua reported today that three centimetres of snow had fallen on Yushu by 8am, with more expected in coming days.
国家通讯社新华社今天报道，上午8时，玉树降雪已达3公分，预期未来几天内会有更多降雪。


"We have experienced extreme weather: sandstorms, hail and now snow," said Aman Yee, an Oxfam worker in the town. “
“我们经历了极端的天气：沙尘暴，冰雹，现在下雪了。”城里乐施会员工叶阿曼(Aman Yee)说。


"We are lucky that materials have already arrived on site but it has caused difficulties with distribution. "
我们很幸运，物资已经运抵现场，但下雪造成了分配上的困难。”


"Those who are elderly or who have been injured or are bereaved may not be going out to collect supplies, so local NGOs are going to find them.
“年老、受伤或者失去亲人的灾民可能不会外出领取救灾物品，所以当地非政府组织要找到他们。”


"We would also like to purchase some local food like tsampa [the roasted, powdered barley which is a staple foodstuff for Tibetans]. At the moment people are eating instant noodles and they are not used to it, so it can affect their stomachs."
“我们也想购买一些当地食物如糌粑[青稞面粉烤制，是藏族的主要食品]。目前人们吃方便面，他们不习惯，因此可能影响他们的肠胃。”

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译注1：堪布是藏语音译，大概相当于汉地佛教寺院的住持。

译注2：更庆寺，四川省甘孜藏族自治州德格县的藏传佛教萨迦派寺院。

译注3：色须寺，甘孜州石渠县藏传佛教萨迦派寺院。

译注4：中国新闻网：温家宝看望玉树受灾僧侣民众。温家宝视察时访问禅古寺，赞扬僧人的救援行动，这同时也出现在中央媒体的电视画面上。这则新闻在中国国内有相当的影响力。但正如卫报新闻所说，此后对僧人救援的报道很少。

译注5：BBC：中国国务院星期五（4月23日）发表声明，承认的确下令让在玉树协助救灾的外地喇嘛返回寺庙。国务院发表声明称，充分认识到外地来到玉树的喇嘛们对救灾做出的积极贡献。……不过声明中同时也为此命令辩解，目前灾区的搜救工作已经基本结束，目前的救援行动重点是疾病控制和重建，而这些工作都需要 专业人士。声明说，为了保证救援工作维持高效率，因此才要求外地喇嘛返回寺庙。