由巴黎事件说起西藏传统讽刺歌谣

1944年～1951年，海因里希•哈勒（Heinrich Harrer）在拉萨拍摄。

（注：本帖标题是我依据以下文字拟的。）

作者：Facebook上的格萨尔王（ Gesar Gyalpo）：

The horrific killings in Paris happened because a satirical magazine offended the religious sensibilities of the perpetrators. It made me wonder about our own religious sensibilities and the right to ridicule and lampoon religion and religious figures.

Tibet had a long tradition of satire and ways of ridiculing the mighty and the powerful. Tibetan satirical songs were similar to modern political cartoons. We are thought to be very religious, but our satirical songs and proverbs are full of the lampooning of religious figures. We are religious but we are also cable of being critical of our religion. One proverbs, says, “good crops are grown by rivers banks and lamas are born in a rich family”. Even, 6th Dalai Lama mocked himself as a lecherous monk, when he wrote, ‘In the Potala His Holiness the Dalai Lama, In the alleys of Lhasa, lecherous Tseyang Gyatso”. Even the passing and birth of the Dalai Lama was not spared from wit of these song writers, one of the funniest songs is one relating to the birth of the 13th Dalai Lama, who was born in the village of Dagpo;

The glorious sun is born རྒྱལ་དབང་སྐྱིད་པའི་ཉི་མ།།
In Dagpo, དྭགས་པོ་གླིང་ནས་འཁྲུངས་སོང་།།
Madam Doring is རྡོ་རིང་ལྷ་ལྕམ་སྐུ་ཞབས།
Left with smell of burned soot
On her buttock. རྐུབ་ལ་དུད་དྲེག་ཆགས་སོང་།།

This song mocks how after the passing of the Dalai Lama the women in Tibet burned incense to purify their privates, with a vain hope of conceiving the next Dalai Lama. Less reverent versions of the song allude to Madam Doring being left with burned pubic hair.

Somehow, we never took offence at these songs. In fact the fallibility of religious leaders is accepted, even the 14th Dalai Lama in a recent interview with BBC acknowledged the possibility of having “a stupid” Dalai Lama.

Sadly, the tradition of satirical songs has disappeared and leaders are rarely lampooned. Now we are learning to be offended and less critical of our own tradition.

译者：Pazu Kong

因为一本讽刺杂志得罪了肇事者的宗教感情，在巴黎发生了恐怖杀人事件。这让我想起我们对自己宗教和宗教人物的讽刺。西藏传统上，时常会对最高权位者以歌讽刺，就像是现在的政治漫画。很多人都认为我们对宗教很虔诚，但我们那些讽刺歌曲，却经常挖苦宗教人物。我们虔诚，但我们也能同时批判自己的宗教。

其中一句谚言是这样说的：“河边种出好谷物，富裕人家里出喇嘛。”就算是六世达赖喇嘛，也自嘲是个好色的僧人，他这样写：“在布达拉宫是尊者达赖喇嘛，在拉萨小巷是好色的仓央嘉措。”

连达赖喇嘛的圆寂和出生也没能被这些街头讽喻歌谣的创作者放过。其中最有趣的一首，是关于十三世达赖喇嘛于达布出生（卫藏东南部洛嘎即今山南达布地区的一个农民家庭）。这样唱到：

荣耀之日，
生于达布，
贵妇多仁，
屁股烧香。

这首歌嘲笑的是在前一世达赖喇嘛圆寂后，有贵族妇女用藏香洁净其阴，祈求能诞下转世灵童。而另一个版本，则说得更为露骨，说多仁女士烧到阴毛。

不知何故，我们从来不觉得此为冒犯，事实上连宗教领袖的过错，我们都能接受。第十四世达赖喇嘛最近接受BBC访问，还说有可能转世会是一个“愚笨的”达赖喇嘛呢。

可悲的是，讽刺歌曲的传统已然消失，领袖少有被挖苦。现在，我们反而学会了很易被冒犯的习气，越发忽视自己的传统。