人权观察敦促中国：撤消指控藏人环保慈善家
家人受到监禁之后，嘎玛桑珠又陷冤案
译者：Buxoro
时间：2010年6月10日
来源：人权观察网站
（纽约）——人权观察今天指出，中国政府应立即释放两位因在家乡建立环保组织而以莫须有的罪名被关押的藏人环保人士，并应立即撤消对他们的兄弟嘎玛桑珠的指控，他曾在被捕之前对其兄弟们的拘捕表示抗议。
这两位环保人士，其美郎加和仁青桑珠，自2009年8月在西藏被拘留至今。著名藏人环保人士，慈善家嘎玛桑珠，是中国最成功的藏人艺术收藏家之一，也是备受嘉奖的三江源生态环境保护协会创始人。在寻求他兄弟们释放的同时，本人也于2010年1月3日被捕，原因为发生在1998年的一起盗掘古墓葬案。
未经法院解释，原定于6月1日的庭审在最后时分推迟，新的日期还未确定。
人权观察的亚洲部主任索菲•理查德森说，“这是对中国政府的检验。这些人代表了政府所希望看到的现代藏人——经济上成功，只去支持非政治化的，被认可的文化及环境等事业——但即使是这样的人，也被当作罪犯。”
嘎玛桑珠，全名如凯•嘎玛桑珠，是中国最大的私人古董收藏家之一，同时经营藏人艺术品，人称“天珠王”，拥有对这一藏人传统宝物无与伦比的收藏。2006年《南方周末》曾发专文介绍嘎玛桑珠。2009年由中国记者刘鉴强所著的传记（《天珠》）也得到官方的新华社的好评。
在2000年代中期，嘎玛桑珠赞助的环保组织，青海三江源生态环境保护协会，响应中国政府的号召，为保护青藏高原的环境付出了巨大的努力。多年来，该组织已因其工作获得多笔奖项，其中包括由中国武术影星李连杰的壹基金会作为“示范项目”捐赠的一百万元（约合13万美元）；以及地球奖，一个由香港地球之友和福特汽车公司颁发的环保奖。
嘎玛桑珠于今年1月3日在四川省成都被捕。几天之后，警方告诉他的妻子珍尕，他遭关押是因被控在新疆维吾尔族自治区焉耆县盗掘古墓葬。那是发生在1998年的事情，警方说，嘎玛桑珠收购的一些文物据称是从当地考古遗址盗来。当时，在嘎玛桑珠出示了政府颁发的文物经营许可证后，这项指控已被撤消。在中国法律下，以“挖掘古文物墓葬”获罪，最高刑罚是死刑。
人权观察说，嘎玛桑珠案显示了中国对其自身的刑事诉讼法严重和反复的侵犯：
• 嘎玛桑珠被捕后六个月间，无法见任何人，包括他的律师。
• 焉耆法院不给嘎玛桑珠的律师充足时间做辩护准备。他从北京华一律师事务所请的律师，到5月27日才被告知，审判日为6月1日。法院还拒绝了律师推迟庭期的书面申请。
• 法院不允许嘎玛桑珠的律师为准备辩护而复印70页公诉文件，只许律师“摘抄”案文。
• 直到审判前一天，5月31日，嘎玛桑珠才与他的律师会面。面谈只30分钟，并在警方人员监视下进行。嘎玛桑珠的律师说，他觉得嘎玛桑珠精神不振，但没机会问他是否受到虐待。
• 庭审突然推迟，法院也没给出新的审判日期。
6月3日，当局关闭了嘎玛桑珠妻子只开了一天的博客网页。她在网页上发表了收到的法院告示。
理查森说，“对嘎玛桑珠的指控及待遇甚至不符合中国法律规定最低的诉讼保障。但是，当局不但不撤消指控，还将他继续关押。”
嘎玛桑珠的亲友认为，重新提审十多年前的案子是因为他争取两兄弟其美郎加和仁青桑珠的释放而造成的。两兄弟于2009年8月被捕。他们在自己的家乡西藏自治区昌都地区的村子里，建立了环保组织，揭发地方官员支持的各种破坏环境的行为，包括猎捕受保护动物。
至今，仁青桑珠仍在关押之中。而其美郎加因“危害国家安全罪”，正在接受21个月的劳教。根据中国的劳教制度，犯“轻度并无须刑事处罚”罪行者，可以在不经审判，也没有律师代表的情况下，送至劳教营，最多可达3年。
2009年11月13日，西藏昌都地区劳动教养委员会作出的对其美郎加劳教的决定中，指控他以建立非法环保组织来“非法搜集昌都地区生态、环境、资源、宗教等声像资料3盘…为非法出版物《封山禁猎》提供照片和资料…私藏境外达赖集团反动宣传品…组织当地群众非正常上访…严重干扰了各级政府的正常工作，对社会稳定造成了影响。”
人权观察指出，从对其美郎加的这些指控中看，这些事只可能使某些地方官员丢面子，而不会危及国家安全。
人权观察还表示，审判嘎玛桑珠以及拘捕他的两个兄弟，反映出许多重要的藏人文化及企业界人物，越来越容易受到以政治为动机的逮捕与起诉。
理查森说，“对藏人的任意拘捕及剥夺正当程序，只会加剧他们与中国政府的紧张关系。中国政府不去缓解引发2008年大规模抗议活动的长期存在的不满情绪，反而采取更广泛的镇压。”
藏人艺术品收藏家，成立三江源生态环境保护协会的嘎玛桑珠，被控以盗掘古墓葬罪、偷窃文物罪。照片：Woeser.middle-way.net
卫报：中国政府被敦促释放三位西藏环保人士
人权观察呼吁中国政府释放嘎玛桑珠、仁青桑珠与其美朗加
强纳森‧华兹，亚洲环境记者
译者：台湾悬钩子
时间：2010年6月11日星期五
来源：卫报网站
人权观察敦促中国：撤消指控藏人环保慈善家 人权观察呼吁中国政府释放数位西藏环保人士，他们在保护世界屋脊的脆弱生态系统时，扮演了重大的角色。
最近被关押的是嘎玛桑珠，一位富有的藏人艺术品收藏家，他创立了三江源生态环境保护协会，并且致力保护长江、黄河、澜沧（湄公）江的源头地区。
他的环保团体所做的工作赢得好几项大奖，包括香港“地球之友”与福特汽车公司所联合创立的环境奖项——“地球奬”。
他在今年稍早被逮捕，罪名是盗掘古墓藏罪与偷窃文物罪，然而据说这些指控早在十二年前即已被警方不予起诉。
他的审判日期，本来是预定于6月1日开庭，现在已被推延，有说法是，他受到惩罚是因为他太积极为他的哥哥与弟弟的获释奔走说情。
他的兄弟——仁青桑珠与其美朗加——于去年8月被捕，就在他们所属的另一环保团体——康区安琼森格南宗环境保护自愿协会——想要揭发当地官员猎捕濒危的野生动物之际。
其美朗加正在服21个月的劳动教育刑期，罪名是他“危及国家安全”。当局指控他非法搜集有关于环境、自然资源、宗教的信息，组织请愿，为达赖喇嘛的支持者提供文宣材料。仁青桑珠现在仍然处于未遭审判就身陷囹圄的情况。
人权观察亚洲部的主任索菲•理查德森说：“这案子是对中国政府的检验，这些人代表了中国政府说它们想要培养的现代藏人特质——经济上成功，只对官方赞同的文化与环境议题表达支持，并且保持非政治化——然而，即使是这样的人，也被当作罪犯。”
中国的环保人士所面临的灾祸，另在吴立红所受到的待遇中，也十分明显，吴立红是一位得过大奬的反污染运动者，他说他在刚刚坐完的三年监牢期间，曾遭监狱的警卫毒打。
“一个国保警察，叫做谢立新（Xie Lixin，音译）用柳条打我，并用烟头烧我。一位叫王克威（Wang Kewei，音译 ）的人抡我的头撞墙，另外一个姓沈的人毒打我叫我坦白，”他告诉卫报。
吴在2005年因为致力清除江苏省太湖的污染，被全国人大表扬为“中国民间十大杰出环保人物”。他后来却因为敲诈罪而身陷囹圄。
虽然中国的公民社会受到严密的控制，中央政府却一直鼓励致力环保的非政府组织揭发违反环境规定的地方当局与工厂。
然而国家能照顾到的地方是有限的，而非政府组织很容易被警察国安官员指控他们正在破坏稳定。
当卫报跟中国环境保护部副部长张力军提起这个问题是，他拒绝对特定的案件提出评论。
“中国政府鼓励、支持公众支持非政府组织的环保行动，”他说。“只要他们遵守法律，政府各个层级对于他们的环保努力都会给予支持。”
自由亚洲：“人权观察”敦促中国政府释放藏族环保人士嘎玛桑珠
时间：2010-06-11
来源：自由亚洲网站
6月10日，国际人权组织“人权观察”就中国藏族环保人士、文物收藏家嘎玛桑珠的处境表示关注并敦促中国政府尊重法律，立即无条件释放他。自由亚洲电台记者何平采访报道
总部设在美国纽约的国际人权组织“人权观察”星期四发表声明，高度关注中国藏族环保人士、知名文物收藏家嘎玛桑珠被控“涉嫌盗掘古墓葬”一案以及之前被捕的两位兄弟仁青桑珠和其美朗加。“人权观察”亚洲区负责人索菲•理查德森女士表示：
“这一案件确实在多个方面具有检验性。最令人关注的是嘎玛桑珠本人不但是一位成功的企业家，他在保护西藏文化和环境方面做出的贡献，也已经被中国公众所承认。虽然中国政府强调要致力于改进少数民族的生存状况，但是嘎玛桑珠的案件表明，当局利用多年前已被撤销的罪名再次予以指控，并在出示证据和律师会见等问题上设置种种障碍，不得不令人质疑当局关押他的真正目何在？”
藏族环保人士、知名文物收藏家嘎玛桑珠于今年1月3日被捕，并稍后转至新疆关押。原定6月1日的开庭被当局无故改期之后，案件至今没有任何进展。嘎玛桑珠的律师浦志强说：
“到现在为止我们没有能够真正地很深入地了解案情。他指控的罪名是盗掘古墓葬，但是按照我对证据的初步了解，控方指控的罪名根本就不能成立，包括案件的承办人和法院的领导都明示或者暗示他们当不了家，另外我们对噶玛桑珠的会见受到非常大的阻碍。这个案件中间，不管是看守所、公安局、还是法院跟我所讲的最多的一个话就是新疆比较特殊，稳定压倒一切，那我不太清楚到底跟我们这个案件有什么样的关系，我们要谈的就是法律事实。”
嘎玛桑珠是西藏昌都贡觉县人，因创建长江、黄河、澜沧江的“三江源生态环境保护协会”受到中国社会的关注和肯定。但据中国藏族女作家唯色在博客中指出，由于当地民族间的矛盾，嘎玛桑珠兄弟所从事的环保工作受到当局的打压。日前，其美朗加被昌都区劳动教养委员会以成立非法环保组织、危害国家安全罪判处劳教一年零九个月。目前仁青桑珠尚在等候宣判，而嘎玛桑珠的遭遇更被认为是当局对他的威慑。
理查德森女士指出，中国各地日趋频发的民族冲突事件，并没有使当局认清司法公正才是保障社会秩序稳定的基础：
“政局的稳定更多的是取决于对法律的遵守。我们关注到，每年发生在中国各地的民族抗争事件日趋频繁，这些民众并不都是要推翻政府，而更多的是希望或根本无法依靠现有司法体系，解决最基本的日常社会矛盾。但事实上，中国政府继续以政治手段控制司法、以刑事罪名指控少数民族提出的正常诉求，这恰恰导致了社会的不稳定状态。”
国际人权组织“人权观察”在周四的声明中表示，嘎玛桑珠和两位兄弟的遭遇，凸显当局在西藏继续实施高压政策的事实。“人权观察”敦促中国政府尊重法律，立即撤消指控释放嘎玛桑珠等人。
附：【人权观察】关于嘎玛桑珠报告的英文原文
China: Drop Charges Against Tibetan Environmental Philanthropist
Trumped-Up Case Against Karma Samdrup Follows Imprisonment of Relatives
JUNE 10, 2010
(New York) – The Chinese government should immediately release two Tibetan environmentalists held on trumped up charges for running an environmental group in their village, and should drop charges made against their brother, Karma Samdrup, after he tried to protest their detention, Human Rights Watch said today.
The two environmentalists, Jigme Namgyal and Rinchen Samdrup, have been in detention in Tibet since August 2009. Karma Samdrup, a prominent Tibetan environmental philanthropist, one of China’s leading collectors of Tibetan art, and founder of the award-winning Three Rivers Environmental Protection group, was seeking his brothers’ release and was himself arrested on January 3, 2010, on charges of robbing graves that date back to 1998. His trial was initially scheduled for June 1, but was postponed at the last minute without explanations from the court, which has yet to set a new date for his trial.
“These are test cases for the Chinese government,” said Sophie Richardson, Asia advocacy director at Human Rights Watch. “These people embody the characteristics the government says it wants in modern Tibetans – economically successful, lending support to only approved cultural and environmental pursuits, and apolitical – yet they, too, are being treated as criminals.”
Karma Samdrup, whose Chinese name is Rukai Gamasangzhu, is one of the largest private collectors of Tibetan antiques in China, as well as a dealer in Tibetan art. He was nicknamed the “King of Heavenly Beads” for his unparalleled collection of this traditional Tibetan artifact. He was the subject of a profile in the cultural supplement of Chinese weekly Southern Weekend in 2006, and of a 2009 biography by the Chinese journalist Liu Jianqiang, which was praised by the official news agency Xinhua.
In the mid-2000s, Karma Samdrup financed an environmental protection organization, the Qinghai Three River Environmental Protection group, after the Chinese government began a massive effort to protect the environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. Over the years, the group has won several awards for its work, including a one million yuan (about US$130,000) grant as a “Model Project” from the One Foundation, a charity created by the Chinese martial art movie star Jet Li; and the Earth Prize, an environmental prize jointly administered by Friends of the Earth Hong Kong and the Ford Motor company.
Karma Samdrup was arrested in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, on January 3. Police informed his wife, Zhenga, several days later that he was being detained on charges of robbing graves in Yanji County, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, dating back to 1998. The police said that Karma Samdrup had acquired a number of artifacts allegedly looted from local archeological sites. The charges had been dropped by the police at the time after Karma Samdrup showed that he had a government license to trade in cultural relics. The maximum sentence for the crime of “excavating ancient cultural relics and tombs” under Chinese law is the death penalty.
Human Rights Watch said that Karma Samdrup’s case showed serious and repeated violations of China’s own criminal procedure law:
• Karma Samdrup was denied the right to meet anyone, including his lawyers, for more than six months after his arrest.
• The Yanji court did not allow adequate time for the preparation of Karma Samdrup’s defense. His lawyers, from the Huayi law firm in Beijing, were told on May 27 that the trial would be held on June 1. The court refused the firm’s written request for a postponement.
• The court refused to allow Karma Samdrup’s lawyers to photocopy the 70-page prosecution file to prepare his defense, insisting that the lawyers could only “copy excerpts” of it.
• Karma Samdrup was not permitted to meet any of his lawyers until the eve of his trial, May 31. That meeting lasted only 30 minutes, and was monitored by police officers in the room. Karma Samdrup’s lawyer reported that he had found Karma Samdrup in poor spirits but had no opportunity to ask whether he had been ill-treated.
• The trial was suddenly postponed, with no new date for the trial given by the court.
On June 3, the authorities shut down the web page Karma Samdrup’s wife had posted the previous day. The site featured the notifications she had received from the court.
“The charges against and treatment of Karma Samdrup don’t even meet the minimum procedural guarantees provided under Chinese law,” Richardson said. “But instead of dropping the charges, the authorities keep him in detention.”
Karma Samdrup’s relatives and friends believe that the revival of the decade-old charges stems from his efforts to gain the release of his two brothers, Rinchen Samdrup and Jigme Namgyal. The two brothers were arrested in August 2009, after the local environmental protection group they had created in their home village, in Changdu prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, had tried to bring attention to various alleged environmental abuses by local officials, including the hunting of protected species.
To date, Rinchen Samdrup is still being held in custody, while Jigme Namgyal is serving a 21-month re-education-through-labor (RTL) sentence for “harming national security.” Under China’s RTL system, offenders who have committed “minor offenses that do not warrant criminal punishment” can be sent to labor camps for up to three years without the benefit of a trial or the right to be represented by a lawyer.
In the November 13, 2009 decision that lead to Jigme Namgyal’s sentence, the RTL management committee from Changdu prefecture alleged that he had set up an illegal environmental organization that “illegally collected three digital disks of information and video footage about the environment, the natural resources and the religion of Changdu prefecture … provided pictures and material for the illegal publication ‘Forbidden Mountain, Prohibited Hunting’ … privately collected some propaganda material from the Dalai clique … and organized the local residents into irregular petitioning of the authorities… therefore severely interfering with state power organizations at the local level and effectively harming social stability.”
The description of the charges suggests that Jigme Namgyal was a cause of potential embarrassment to the local authorities rather than a threat to national security, Human Rights Watch said.
Human Rights Watch said that the trial of Karma Samdrup and the arrest of his two brothers reflected the increasing vulnerability of important cultural and entrepreneurial Tibetan figures to politically motivated arrests and prosecutions.
“Arbitrarily detaining and denying due process to Tibetans will do nothing but stoke the tensions between them and the Chinese government,” Richardson said. “Instead of addressing the long-standing grievances that led to the massive protests in 2008 the government is responding with more pervasive repression.”
Chinese government urged to release Tibetan environmental activists
Human Rights Watch has called for Karma Sandrup, Rinchen Samdrup and Jigme Namgyal to be released
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