拉卜楞寺僧人久美的证言

注：视频Jigme's Testimony 2 见http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aADuMUd5iXE&feature=related

拉卜楞寺僧人久美的证言（附：完整英文版）

甘肃省甘南州拉卜楞寺僧人久美，在近期录制的录影带中，对今年三月以来的西藏事件，以亲身经历以及许多藏人的经历作证。

这部录影带于9月3日在美国之音藏语电视节目中播放。片中，僧人久美说：“今年农历2月15日（公历3月22日），我结束每天早上举行的诵经法会到街上买了些茶叶，并且在拉卜楞寺所在地夏河县汽车站附近修补了一双靴子，当时，我的手机上突然来了一个没有显示号码的电话，随后一辆白色警车突然停在我的前面，有四名警察强行把我拖到车上。原来警察一直在旁边确认我是不是他们要抓的人。”

在车上，警察用一个黑色布袋裹住他的头，并用手铐铐住他的双手，同时用枪指着他的头部，将他带到夏河县公安局后面的武警招待所中，然后对他进行全身搜查，没收了他的手机和钱包。

他说：“当时一名年轻军人用冲锋枪指着我说，这支枪是特意为你们这些藏人制造的，给你们阿老们（当地对藏人的一种蔑称）制作的，如果你们不听话就会枪毙你们，并把尸体仍到垃圾堆里，谁也不会知道的。”

当时，久美并没有因为听到这种言论而感到害怕，但却对出自一名中国军人、一名执法人员之口而感到惊讶，而且，这番话是军人把枪对准一名普通百姓的头说的，这令他感到痛心。他说：“一个强大的国家，为了欺压一个弱小的民族而特意制造武器，同时宣称，将枪杀的藏人扔到垃圾桶里，这令我更加认识到在中国严重存在民族不平等与歧视现象。”

久美被军警审讯时，被问及是否受到达赖喇嘛的指使进行“打砸抢烧”以及对达赖喇嘛的看法等，他说：“我自己作为一名藏人和佛教徒，达赖喇嘛是自己的灵魂和生命。达赖喇嘛不仅仅是六百万藏人唯一的精神导师，他也是全世界伟大的和平导师，达赖喇嘛经常宣扬和平非暴力路线，因此，我完全不认同中国政府所说的是达赖喇嘛策划了这次西藏各地示威活动的说法。”

他还说：“达赖喇嘛在历史上是全体藏人的政教领袖，未来也是，谁也无法改变这一事实。”

久美被关进监狱时，有很多藏人因不懂汉语而遭受军警的毒打和凌辱。他对此批评说：“在中华人民共和国的宪法中明文规定，各少数民族地区有权使用各自民族的语言和文字，但是在藏地不会讲汉语就遭受如此不公正的惩罚。”

他还说：“当局不分是否参与示威活动，对许多僧俗民众进行逮捕和审讯，任意拘捕的有下至14、15岁的青少年，上至70、80岁的老人，同时把拘捕的藏人，两个人绑在一起扔进卡车里，下车时像卸载东西一样把藏人从卡车上摔向地面，导致很多藏人的肢体和头部严重受伤。在监狱中被捕藏人因随身衣服单薄，只能相互挤在一起取暖。”

久美被关押在临夏监狱时，晚上常被吊在上空，如同被擒的动物一样。在审讯时，他被逼迫，因为他与达赖喇嘛、桑东仁波切和阿嘉仁波切，以及境内一些有政治问题的人物有联系，因此，他要在一份指控他为第二号人物的文件上签字，并要求他交代在抗议期间成立的组织、成员以及复印西藏国旗的数量等。而久美，当时并没有参加在夏河发生的僧俗抗议活动。

谈到狱中遭受酷刑、虐待的情况，久美说：“由于被警察毒打，我曾几度昏迷过去，在医院清醒过来后，警察再次把我拖到戒毒所进行毒打，不许我吃饭、喝水。在戒毒所中再度遭受残酷毒打后失去知觉，并被送往在医院，昏迷了6天6夜。在住院20多天后，医院向警方表示，我随时有死亡的危险，于是当局才释放了我，但是我每天都会受到警察、安全局和驻守寺院工作组的干部的打扰，当局还派遣一人24小时监视我的一举一动。我被禁止出门、禁止与外界联系，还被要求学习法律知识，同时被要求写书面检查，虽然我人在家中，但没有任何行动自由。”

久美获释后了解到，拉卜楞寺有180多名僧人被拘捕，而且，在寺院实行抓捕行动的军人抢走了僧人的手机、佛像、唐卡，甚至放在厨房的包子。为此他说：“其实真正从事‘打砸抢烧’的人是那些军警，而不是僧俗民众。”而且，一位之前向外国记者团诉说当地真实状况的拉卜楞寺僧人，随后遭到军警毒打，导致大腿被折断。军警还用电棒攻击另几名僧人的头部和嘴巴，目前几名僧人已经精神失常。

久美还说，如果真有民族平等、言论和宗教信仰自由，就应该允许藏人爱戴和尊崇达赖喇嘛，不应该砸毁和焚烧达赖喇嘛的照片，当局声称藏人抗议者破坏公共设施，经济损失高达几十亿人民币，但是，毁坏达赖喇嘛的法相，伤害西藏人民的内心，是无法用数字来衡量损失的。

他说，这种镇压不仅仅在拉卜楞寺和安多地区实施，同时在康区和卫藏各地也在实施，至今共枪杀了两百多名藏人，上千人遭到拘押。目前，这种拘捕行动还在秘密进行当中。当局还禁止藏人收看收听外国涉藏电视和报道，禁止设立卫星转播接收器，禁止同外国人说话；藏人在这样的局势下，根本没有任何言论自由和宗教信仰自由。另外，在夏河县草原站驻扎的军人把全体藏人视为敌人，每天训练时，在特制的稻草人身上穿上藏装，然后高喊“杀、杀、杀“，用刺刀刺杀稻草人。

他说：“我作为一名拉卜楞寺僧人和被拘捕并遭受毒打的藏人，我对那些军警说，如果我没有被你们打死，同时还可以说话的话，我会通过媒体向全球民众揭发你们这些人，是如何酷刑对待我和其他僧俗民众的罪行，这也是我录制这部短片的主要目的。”

他还说：“为什么这样一个强大的国家，动用军警、坦克和大炮等杀伤性武器来镇压这样一个弱小的民族？21世纪全球民众向往和平的时期，为何血腥镇压和平抗议的藏人？为何禁止国际媒体记者到西藏展开自由采访？”

久美希望国际独立媒体记者和联合国调查人员进入西藏展开自由调查，了解当地的真实状况，并且向外界公开有关情况。呼吁联合国为首的国际社会向中国政府施加压力，要求当局释放被拘捕的所有抗议藏人，并且达赖喇嘛的代表展开实质性的和谈，在藏汉民族互利的基础上解决西藏问题，邀请达赖喇嘛返回西藏。他强调，这也是全体藏人的共同心愿。如果中国政府邀请达赖喇嘛返回西藏，通过和谈解决西藏问题，就会自然实现和平与稳定，如果中国政府把藏人心目中的达赖喇嘛和班禅喇嘛拒之门外，六百万藏人就根本无法与当局和平共存。

【整理、选自于挪威西藏之声的报道。】

A Voice from Tibet: VOA Tibetan service exclusive video interview:

Draft translation

VENERABLE JIGME, A MONK FROM LABRANG MONASTERY IN GANSU PROVINCE SPEAKS ABOUT HIS EXPERIENCE FOLLOWING THE WIDESPREAD PROTESTS THAT ERUPTED THROUGHOUT THE TIBETAN AREAS OF CHINA IN MARCH/APRIL 2008.

[This translation of the 20 minute statement is accurate in content but is not a direct translation of every single phrase, word, and figure of speech. References to the identity of Chinese security and detention apparatuses are translated from colloquial Tibetan and may not be technically accurate.]

This year, on the 15th day of the second Tibetan month (March 22, 2008), after the assembly was over at the monastery, I went to the market. There I sat at the side of a taxi-stand and got a shoe repaired. As I was returning to the monastery, I received a call on my mobile phone. I looked at the phone, but there was no number visible. Suddenly a white vehicle appeared, and stopped in front of me. Four soldiers arrested me and dragged me into the vehicle. When I looked back, I saw a nun. I shouted "Ani! Ani! (nun, nun!) several times and made sure she saw me getting arrested. Once in the vehicle, they covered my head with a black cloth and handcuffed me. Then with guns pointed to my head, and my body pressed down, they took me to the armed police guest house.

The guest house is at the back of the local police station. There they removed the cloth covering my head but kept the handcuff. Afterwards, they searched my body and took my phone, wallet and everything. I was put on a chair with my hands tied at the back. A young soldier pointed an automatic rifle at me and said in Chinese, "This is made to kill you, Ahlos (derogatory term used for Tibetans by some Chinese). You make one move, and I will definitely shoot and kill you with this gun. I will throw your corpse in the trash and nobody will ever know", When I heard this, I was not terrified by the gun pointed at my head but thinking that this man is not only a soldier or security personnel, but also a law enforcement officer; however, here he is pointing a gun at an ordinary citizen and uttering such words……. made me very sad…. as if my heart was shattered into two pieces.

This is the case of a powerful nationality harassing and oppressing a small nationality, a big nation making weapons to kill a small nationality; if they are doing such things at the lower levels, there is no need to say that they are doing worse things to us at higher levels. The way they oppress and murder Tibetans, and can utter such words while pointing with guns, stunned me. By telling us that Tibetans could be killed and our dead body dumped in the trash and that nobody would know - We are not even treated like dogs and pigs. If other people's dogs and pigs are killed, there will be somebody to claim them. Then why won't Tibetans be claimed after death? We are ordered not to claim our fellow Tibetan's body even after death. At that time, I realized that there is no racial equality.

During the detention, one of the many questions they asked me were, "Did the Dalai Lama instigate you? Did the Dalai Lama ask you to carry out this looting, burning and destruction?". "How do you view the Dalai Lama? "As for me, I am a follower of Buddhism. The Dalai Lama is like my life, heart and soul. In that I am not alone. For all the six million Tibetans, the Dalai Lama is their spiritual refuge in this life as well as the next. The Dalai Lama is widely respected for his tremendous efforts made towards world peace. He is the champion of world peace. He has established a path of non-violence. I totally reject their accusation that the Dalai Lama has master minded acts of looting, burning and destruction. The Dalai Lama can never such things. Even an ordinary monk like myself cannot urge anybody to burn, loot and destroy.

His Holiness the Dalai Lama is like the soul of the six million Tibetans. There is no way we can be parted from Him. As a Tibetan monk, historically, we have a teacher-disciple relationship. We must maintain this relationship. We have unwavering faith in the Dalai Lama. This was what I answered to the question of how I view the Dalai Lama.

After keeping us at the detention center for a few days, they took us to the jail. At the prison, the soldiers commanding us in Chinese 'one, two, three', as some of us could not understand Chinese, they scolded us - they would call us "animals', 'fools', and beat us with batons. When we asked why they are beating us, they reply that you people cannot understand Chinese language and mock us. My question is: In the Charter and Constitution of the People's Republic of China, it is enshrined that, in the regional areas of different nationalities, the language of that particular nationality is to be used and that the regional nationality must be given the right to govern. Then why is that, in the Tibetan areas, instead of using Tibetan language, Tibetans are not only verbally abused as "animals" and "fools" but are physically beaten just because he does not understand the Chinese language?

There is no differentiation on the basis of one's actions or age. For instance, monks as young as fourteen and fifteen and as old as sixty and seventy year old were arrested. No difference is made whether they are involved in protests or not. We had no clothes on our back nor shoes on our feet. Two monks would be tied together and put in the vehicle to be driven away. They are thrown in the vehicle like you would throw logs of wood. Even if some of them had their heads injured, and for some, their hands broken, they were all taken to the prison. Relatives or friends were not allowed to bring food, clothing or beddings. We had to huddle together to bear the cold. The reason why we were so severely beaten is solely because we are Tibetans. For that we feel extremely sad.

We were taken to a prison in Kachu (Linxia in Chinese). All the prisoners there were Chinese and Muslim Chinese. We were the only Tibetan prisoners. Everyday, we had to remove urine and excrement barefooted, and wash the floors. At the prison, we were forced to take off our monk's robes and put on clothes of layman. I am a Buddhist monk and it is humiliating to disrobe and put on a layman's clothes, and to be handcuffed and taken away, barefooted, in a vehicle. In the prison, the condition was very poor - There was not enough to eat or drink and nothing to wear. There wasn't even a towel to clean the face.

I was kept there for one month during which time I was handcuffed in one position for many days and nights. During interrogations, I was accused of having contacts outside: with the Dalai Lama, Samdhong Rinpoche, and Ajia Rinpoche, and that I have to acknowledge that I have these outside contacts. Likewise, I was told that I have contacts inside with scholars and teachers. "You have been involved in activities and have led organizations. You have made calls to many outside provinces. What have you achieved from those? Where did you print the Tibetan flags? How many flags did you print? How many members are there in your group?", and "you have no choice but to accept these crimes". They would hang me up for several hours with my hands tied to a rope….. hanging from the ceiling and my feet above the ground. Then they would beat me on my face, chest, and back, with the full force of their fists. Finally, on one occasion, I had lost consciousness and was taken to a hospital. After I regained consciousness at the hospital, I was once again taken back to prison where they continued the practice of hanging me from the ceiling and beating me. As a result, I again lost conscious and then taken to the hospital a second time. Once I was beaten continuously for two days with nothing to eat nor a drop of water to drink. I suffered from pains on my abdomen and chest. The second time, I was unconscious for six days at the hospital, unable to open my eyes or speak a word.

In the end, when I was on the verge of dying, they handed me over to my family. At my release, my detainers lied to the provincial authorities by telling them that that they had not beaten me. Also, they lied to my family members by telling them that they had not beaten me; they also made me put down my thumbprint (as a signature) on a document that said that I was not tortured. I had to stay for about twenty days at a hospital and spent twenty thousand Chinese yuan to get treatment.

On my return to the monastery, friends told me that 180 monks had been arrested. The monks had done nothing wrong. Our senior monk and the official lama (teacher) too were arrested. They were made to stand on the tip of their toes at night, and were beaten with the butts of guns on their back. The Chinese took pictures with their mobile phones as they were beating the monks on their necks.

I also found out that during the police and soldiers raiding the monastery, they stole religious statues, money, personal belongings and even foodstuff from the monastery and monks' private residences. It is apparent that the real looters and murderers are these soldiers of Chinese Communist Party. They engage in illegal acts and we are the ones who are arrested, beaten and tortured and killed.

Also, we are accused of aligning with the Dalai clique and instigating riots among the public. If there is real racial equality, freedom of expression and freedom of religion, then why are we not allowed to respect the figure for whom we have faith in our heart of hearts? Right in front of our eyes, they stamp with their feet on the picture of the Precious One (The Dalai Lama), break the picture frames with butts of guns, shred the pictures into pieces and burn them in the fire. We, being Tibetans and Buddhists, when we see the picture of our object of refuge being trodden under foot, and torn into pieces, we view these as irreparable acts. When Tibetans break a few windowpanes, they say that such acts caused hundreds of millions of yuan worth of damage. How do you measure the damage caused to our hearts by seeing our most revered One's picture trampled under foot? The Chinese leadership says that the goal is to achieve a harmonious society, but at the same time continue to vilify the Dalai Lama, a figure that all Tibetans respect and honor as their spiritual head…..how can we begin to feel harmony when our values are denigrated and trodden on.

Monks are being beaten off and on all during this period . Not only that, monks who spoke to some reporters were beaten with batons and had their legs broken; on some, they used electric batons on their heads and in their mouths - the electric baton affected their brains and some have become disabled… sort of insane. We endured such torture. Now our main hope is that the International media and the United Nations' investigators come to Tibet and check on the real situation and then report on it after they assess their findings. This is our main hope.

The Chinese are telling us that Tibetans have done illegal things and are arresting and beating us, and even killing many people. Many people have fled to the mountains and dare not return to their homes and families. It will help if the world media see these things and report about them.

The Dalai Lama did not instigate us to do anything. His Holiness did not tell us to fight for independence. His Holiness never said anything of this sort. Many of us support the Dalai Lama's middle way approach and the process of solving Tibet's issue through peaceful dialogue. But we are sad about being extremely oppressed today. Today, I, as a witness to truth, am telling through the media, the story of Tibetans killed, undergoing torture in prisons, and about the countless who have been forced to flee to the mountains and are too afraid to return to their homes, so that the media can truthfully report on these situations. This is my hope.

Officers from the security office and secret service as well as task teams have visited my room in the monastery, and are keeping close watch on me. Even now here is one man purposely watching me. I am not allowed to go out, nor am I allowed to make phone calls. I am with a thick copy of the Chinese constitution to study; I am ordered to write a confession. Only that I am not physically in a prison, but have no freedom whatsoever.

These days there are series of actions taken on us, not just in Labrang, not just in Amdo, but in Kham and central Tibet too. Many Tibetans are being killed, many oppressed and arrested. We heard that more than 200 Tibetans were killed and several thousand arrested. Still the beatings and arrests have not stopped. For us, access to news is blocked; we are not allowed to watch news or put up a satellite dish nor are we allowed to listen/watch news from the United States and other foreign countries. We are ordered to watch and listen to domestic broadcasts. We are told not to listen to foreigners nor to talk to them. As such, where is the freedom of expression? Where is the freedom of religion?

Tibetan people are undergoing all kinds of suffering. For me personally, I am a Buddhist monk at Labrang monastery. I was one of those arrested this year. I said these to the face of my captors: if you kill me, then that will be the end of it. But if am able to go outside and get the opportunity, I will talk about the torture I went through; I will tell the people of the world as a truthful witness, about the sufferings undergone by friends and report these to the media.

Even when I was released, I was told not to tell that I was beaten; I was warned not to contact anyone outside. But I cannot just keep shut about the tortures I went through, or the suffering borne by friends. This is also my reason for telling you this today. Still there is a harsh crackdown taking place in Tibetan areas and restrictions on the movement of Tibetans.

These days, the authorities tell us to support the Olympic Games, but Tibetans around here are not even allowed to travel to Lanzhou, let alone go to Beijing to watch and support the games. We are not even allowed to go outside our own areas. Because of the Olympics, even all traditional festivals, celebrations and religious rituals have been banned.

There is military presence in every place. In the barn belonging to our monastery, they have made effigies out of straw and dressed them in Tibetan robes. The Chinese soldiers use them for doing bayonet practice. It seems that their enemy are the Tibetan people and the robe-wearing monks. Not all arrested Tibetans were involved in protests. Why are they stabbing their bayonets on the effigy with Tibetan dress as their military exercise? It is not just monks who are suffering as a result of the Chinese viewing Tibetans as their enemy…..even Tibetan staff members, students and the ordinary Tibetans…. all are suffering. This big government, big country, and big nationality is using weapons, tanks and cannons on a small, humble people such as the Tibetans. Thousands of soldiers are surrounding us. 'Kill the Tibetans who are disobedient', they ordered.

In this 21st century, the people of the world are walking on the path to world peace. The peace-loving people and the supporters of truth should expose China for blocking the media and restricting reporters from seeing what is going on inside Tibet. I would like the world's Press, the United Nations and human rights organizations to pay attention and find a solution to the current dire situation for the Tibetan people. You can pressure China to conduct meaningful dialogue with the Dalai Lama's representatives for a mutually beneficial solution to the Tibet-China issue. It is the hope and wish of the Tibetans inside Tibet to invite the Dalai Lama to Tibet. The Chinese Communist Party has stated that stability and unity are important goals for the nation. Now if both the Dalai Lama and the CCP work together to solve the Tibet-China issue through dialogue for the mutual benefit of both the Chinese and Tibetans, there is no reason why genuine and long lasting peace, stability and unity cannot be achieved.